Research suggests a relatively sizable rate of unintended pregnancies in some subgroups of Iranian women, but there is no concise, standard scale to measure the pregnancy intention of Iranian women. Therefore, the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy (LMUP) were investigated. The Persian version of the LMUP was tested on randomly selected m...

This paper investigates the ways in which terrorism is linked to education and poverty using data newly culled from Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) documentary sources. The paper presents a statistical analysis of the determinants of participation in terrorist activities by members of the Hamas and PIJ between the late 1980s and May 2002. The resulting evidence suggests that both high...

The stories and parables that we see in Quran have a logical course but our Persian exegetical texts are full of appendices which become combined with myth. In Quran, the word “myths” is negative content reality human mind tends to add significance event by exaggeration empowerment persons objects. story Moses one most extensive his cane capable turning mythical symbol. Thus, this essay studies...

6th century BCE, probably as part of the expansion into the region of the Persian Achaemenid Empire. Lying on one of the main branches of the ancient Silk Roads, which connected Europe and Africa to the Far East, a succession of cities flourished. By the early medieval period these encompassed over 1,000ha (Fig. 1). The great Islamic city of Sultan Kala, capital of the eastern Islamic world, wa...

It may not seem reasonable to look for diseases in myths. Although myths have their own principles, they do not necessarily follow the rules of the real world. Therefore, diseases and pathologies of myths like diseases of hero or their traumas during battles are not so genuine. However, the major point is that according to some theories of mythology (1), myths can root in realities and if we ar...

This essay explores how a particular medium—the comic—exposes the limitations of conventional narratives about sīyāh bāzī (Persian blackface) and hājī fīrūz (a famous blackface figure). Many commentators disavow racial connotations fīrūz, concocting pseudo-historical genealogies that link improvisatory tradition figure to pre-Islamic practices; thus repress tradition’s obvious resonances with h...

The article deals with the concepts of charisma and leadership in two non-Western Islamic cultures from linguistic perspective. charismatic have a long tradition studying sociology, political science psychology since M.Weber. Charisma can be defined as compelling attractiveness or charm that inspire devotion others. Cognates this Greek word are found most European languages. English leader has ...