abstract icssdom is a mathematical synthetic model that was written with fortran77 and in which used sa simulation annealing algorithm like an internal loop in basic structure of icss hydrodynamic simulation model. this model presented by mohseni movahed in 1381. this model is able assess current performance and present optimal operation considering downstream requirement of turnout in real con...

abstract the objective of the present study is to assess the performance of 18 irrigation districts from ten countries in the world using the benchmarking method and data mining analysis (cluster analysis). irrigation networks of dez, sefidrood, tajan and voshmgir from iran have been compared with 14 irrigation districts from nine other countries. the k- means algorithm was used to analyze the ...

In Algeria, liberalization reforms undertaken since the 1990s have resulted in negative effects on the development and management of irrigation schemes, as well as on the conditions of farmers. Reforms have been undertaken to improve the performance of irrigation schemes, such as the national plan of agricultural development (PNDA) in 2000 and the water pricing policy of 2005. However, after im...

Irrigation underpins agricultural productivity. The purpose of irrigation is to match water supply to crop water demand. The effectiveness of irrigation depends on the quality of the timing and duration of watering events, also called irrigation scheduling. Most farmers use heuristic rules to determine irrigation events. This often leads to over-watering which results in lower crop yields and w...

Irrigation is widely criticised as a profligate and wasteful user of water, especially in watershort areas. Improvements to irrigation management are proposed as a way of increasing agricultural production and reducing the demand for water. The terminology for this debate is often flawed, failing to clarify the actual disposition of water used in irrigation into evaporation, transpiration, and ...

Germination and early growth of maize Sweet Maize (Zea mays L.), var. (SEL. CONETA) under irrigation with saline water were investigated in a pot experiment with different soil types. Seven salinity levels of irrigation water up to 12 dS/m were used on a Clay soil (C) and a Sandy-Loam (SL). Emergence of maize was delayed under irrigation with saline water, and the final percentage of germinatio...