Background: Chemicals are among risk factors that can affect women's reproductive system. This study is aimed to investigate the association of occupational exposure to a mixture of organic solvents with menstruation disturbances and hormonal changes among female workers.   Methods : Female workers of a pharmaceutical company were divided into three groups of non-exposed, low-exposed and high...

Cervical glial polyps or gliosis of uterine cervix are rare. These are rare polypoidal mesenchymal tumours and usually manifest with vaginal bleeding, post-coital bleeding or cervical discharge. Microscopically these polyps show heterotopic glial tissue with varying degree of gliosis. Immunoperoxidase staining with Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) confirms the glial nature of the polyp. C...

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) is defined as heavy and or irregular menstruation in the absence of recognizable pelvic pathology, pregnancy or general bleeding disorder. Hyperplastic endometrium is abnormal histology finding found in DUB. Out of three type of hyperplasia, atypical type is associated with co-existent ca endometrium and the chance of progression to ca endometrium is very hi...

A 31-year-old woman presented with a 7-week history of irregular vaginal bleeding without abdominal pain. She had been using the intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) for the last 3 years. A pregnancy test was positive and subsequent serum beta human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG) was 4992 mIU/mL. A transvaginal ultrasound scan demonstrated an empty uterus with an associated adnexal mass but ...

Introduction: Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) is defined as increased abnormal endometrial bleeding unrelated to any anatomic lesions/ organic pathology of the genital tract [1]. It is a common problem in woman of reproductive age and about 20% of women affected will seek consultation [2]. Objectives: 1.To study morphological features of endometrium in DUB. 2.To correlate with age, parity ...

bnormal uterine bleeding occurs in 9 to 14 percent of women between menarche and menopause, significantly impacting quality of life and imposing financial burden. The etiologies and treatments for abnormal uterine bleeding over the reproductive years are best understood in the context of normal menstrual physiology. A normal cycle starts when pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone induces ovari...

Abnormal uterine bleeding occurs across the entire age spectrum. Pregnancy, infection, birth-control methods, psychogenic causes, organic pathology, endocrine disorders, blood dyscrasias, systemic diseases and dysfunctional uterine bleeding are considered in the differential diagnosis. While the historical questions are similar regardless of age, the diagnostic methods, differential diagnosis a...

Primary malignant cardiac tumors are rare and are usually detected at an advanced stage of disease. Their location and infiltration often hinder surgical resection. Tissue sarcomas, especially angiosarcomas, are composed of irregular and delicate vascular tissue. The resection of such tumors from the heart is associated with a high risk of life-threatening bleeding that cannot be stopped with t...

Few studies have compared side effects and removal rates of copper and hormonal intrauterine devices (IUDs). We have recently completed a randomised controlled trial of the levonorgestrel intrauterine system (IUS) (Mirena®, Schering, Germany) and the Copper 380® A (IUD) (India) in 160 Muslim women aged 20–35 years attending the Ayat Health Centre in Iran. Women who presented requesting an IUD f...