Steel production involves three basic steps. At first, the heat source is to be produced to melt the iron ore. Next in a furnace iron is melted. Lastly, to produce steel the molten iron is processed. The advantage of steel over iron is greatly enhanced strength. The properties of steel are highly reliant on the amount of alloying elements, so that their levels are carefully controlled during it...

this paper is focused on the tactical design of steel supply chain (ssc). a general mathematical model is proposed to integrate production and transportation planning in multi-commodity ssc. the main purpose is to prepare a countrywide production and distribution plan in an ssc with three layers consisting of iron ore mines as suppliers, steel companies as producers, and subsidiary steel compan...

Integrated field studies on environmental levels, bioavailability, biological exposure, and effects SUMMARY Iron-ore is the source of primary iron for the world's iron and steel industries. Almost all (98%) iron-ore is used in steelmaking. Australia and Brazil together dominate the world's iron-ore production, while China is the world's largest iron-ore consumer. In Brazil, iron-ore mining is m...

OBJECTIVES To investigate the influence of occupation on the rising incidence of lung and bladder cancer among men in a Norwegian municipality where an iron and steel plant constituted the key industry between 1955 and 1989. METHODS Based on the lung cancer cases reported to the Cancer Registry of Norway from 1980 to 1992 a population based case-control study was performed, including 86 cases...

This paper is focused on the tactical design of steel supply chain (SSC). A general mathematical model is proposed to integrate production and transportation planning in multi-commodity SSC. The main purpose is to prepare a countrywide production and distribution plan in an SSC with three layers consisting of iron ore mines as suppliers, steel companies as producers, and subsidiary steel compan...

1 Mustafa Yavaş, 2 Taner Ersöz, 3 Mehmet Kabak and 4 Filiz Ersöz 1 Karabuk University, Department of Industrial Engineering, Iron and Steel Campus, Karabuk, Turkey 2 Karabuk University, Department of Actuarial and Risk Management, Iron and Steel Campus, Karabuk 3 Mehmet Kabak, Turkish Military Academy, Department of Industry and System Engineering, Ankara 4 Karabuk University, Department of Ind...

Manufacturing execution system (MES) is a bridge that connects the top layer of planning and the bottom layer of control. In integrated automation system (IAS) whose structure is 3-layer BPS/MES/PCS, MES is the key circle to realize the integrating of integrated automation system in iron & steel enterprise. According to the characteristics of production management in iron & steel enterprise, th...

The design of system for operative planning of blast furnace production process in VSŽ inc. Kosice A system for operative planning of blast furnace production process is described in the paper. The suggested system is based on the use of a new hierarchy of operative plans, consisting of one-month plan, (7+3) days plan, and 24-hour plan. The system allows smoothing of production process at the b...

CORROSION is a natural process. Just like water flows to the lowest level, all natural processes tend toward the lowest possible energy states. Thus, for example, iron and steel have a natural tendency to combine with other chemical elements to return to their lowest energy states. In order to return to lower energy states, iron and steel frequently combine with oxygen and water, both of which ...