The “second-parameter effect” is characterized by the existence of globular clusters (GCs) with similar metallicity [Fe/H] (the “first parameter”) but different horizontal-branch (HB) morphologies. One of the primary second-parameter candidates is cluster age. In the present paper, we address the following issue: “Are the age differences between second-parameter GCs, as derived from their main-...

One of the puzzling problems for the student of southern African history is how to determine the nature and extent of the relationships among African peoples. The difficulty becomes more acute as one probes back in time to the earliest Iron Age, a period in which few research tools are effective. In this study, the early history and possible affinities among the Sotho, Shona, and Venda will be ...

From the cultural-geographical perspective, the Qom plain is part of the cultural area of ​​the Central Plateau of Iran. Archaeologically, this region had many contacts with other areas of the Central Plateau such as the plains of Kāshān, Sāveh, Qazvin, and Rey. It also had relations with the synchronous centers in the northeast, northwest, central Zāgros, and Khuzestān plain. This is due to it...

Age is the primary risk factor for cancer. Most skin cancers occur after age 50. Most cases of prostate and breast cancer occur after age 65. The Merck Manual says that "although cancer occurs in persons of every age, it is fundamentally a disease of aging. Sixty percent of new cancer cases and two-thirds of cancer deaths occur in persons over 65 years of age." Aging is accompanied by an accumu...

This clinical report covers diagnosis and prevention of iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia in infants (both breastfed and formula fed) and toddlers from birth through 3 years of age. Results of recent basic research support the concerns that iron-deficiency anemia and iron deficiency without anemia during infancy and childhood can have long-lasting detrimental effects on neurodevelopmen...

Iron is essential for life, but excess iron can be toxic. As a potent free radical creator, iron generates hydroxyl radicals leading to significant oxidative stress. Since iron is not excreted from the body, it accumulates with age in tissues, including the retina, predisposing to age-related oxidative insult. Both hereditary and acquired retinal diseases are associated with increased iron leve...