BACKGROUND Alopecia areata (AA) is a common immune-mediated hair loss disorder. AA has a reported incidence of 0.1-0.2% with a lifetime risk of 1.7%. Histologically, AA is characterized by the accumulation of mononuclear cells around the bulb of the affected hair follicles. Corticosteroids are the most popular drugs for the treatment of this disease. Despite its high prevalence, currently avail...

A Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain (UCBPP-PA14) is infectious both in an Arabidopsis thaliana leaf infiltration model and in a mouse full-thickness skin burn model. UCBPP-PA14 exhibits ecotype specificity for Arabidopsis, causing a range of symptoms from none to severe in four different ecotypes. In the mouse model, UCBPP-PA14 is as lethal as other well-studied P. aeruginosa strains. Mutations in ...

This volume is a reprint from Eurasian Studies, vol. 16, published in 2018, with an index. It consists of articles conference at Harvard University 2015 on “Iranian Cities the Arab Conquest to Early Modern Period,” and by scholars later invited contribute. Included are thirteen original articles, translation Jean Aubin’s “Elements pour l’etude des agglomerations urbaines dans l’Iran medieval,” ...

one of the most important fields in international relations discipline is the study of international organizations. indeed, the rise of international and regional organizations in last decades causes a pervasive controversy among western scholars. but among iranian scholars, we don't have any theoretical works on international organizations. this article attempt to investigate internationa...

BACKGROUND Support for breastfeeding is a public health priority. One of the major factors that can negatively affect breastfeeding is the lack of breast milk. There are many instructions on the subject of breast milk in Iranian traditional medicine resources. This article attempts to investigate causes and reasons for the lack of breast milk from the perspective of the great scholars in this f...

New challenges are coming in the present globalized world of 21 th century that consequently has required deep changes in educational process, since the 21 th century requires more creativity, critical thinking, problem solving as well as communicative skills. English, as the main international language, is playing an important role in the globalized world's people's life, so the scholars try t...

In Vol.2, No.1, 2014, Journal of Medical Microbiology and Infection Diseases a paper entitled “Rabies in Iran: Past, Present and Future” was published. We are grateful to Dr. Alireza Gholami and colleagues for this fascinating paper. We read the paper with a great interest but there is one point that should be taken into consideration. The authors have claimed that the discovery of rabies goes ...