Pharmacoeconomics is defined as the science of identifying and comparing costs and the consequences of drug therapy in health care programs. As a sub-discipline of health economics, pharmacoeconomics, is fairly a new research discipline in the world which has come about mainly in response to economic pressures on health systems. The root of this pressure lies in the mismatch of enhanced demand ...

Over the past 40 years or so the Indian pharmaceutical sector witnessed rapid growth and transformation. From a mere volume of just Rs. 10 core in 1947, the industry registered a sales turnover of about US $ 5.5 billion in 2004 with an annual growth rate of about 17%. The flexible provisions of the Patent Act of 1970 and other supportive policies of the Government of India played an instrumenta...

Most of today's major pharmaceutical companies were founded in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Key discoveries of the 1920s and 1930s, such as insulin and penicillin, became mass-manufactured and distributed. Global pharmaceutical market is highly dynamic and is characterized by greater levels of R&D expenditure and extensive regulation of its products. Global pharmaceutical sales are e...

aSchool of Medicine, Shiraz University of medical science, Shiraz, Iran. bSchool of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. cNamazi hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Copyright © 2017 by School of Pharmacy Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Rese...

BACKGROUND Hand Eczema (HE) is a dermatological disorder with frequent relapses and multiple causes such as atopic, allergic and irritant contact dermatitis. The management is complex because of the wide range of different pathogenesis. Efficacy of some of available treatments is not well established and it can affect patients' quality of life significantly. METHODS Reports on HE such as diag...

While six sigma quality has long been achieved in other industries, it is rarely seen in the pharmaceutical sector. However, consumers and patients deserve six sigma quality pharmaceuticals with minimal risks of shortages or recalls. We propose that the future of pharmaceutical quality is six sigma, meaning that no more than 3.4 defects occur per million opportunities. We discuss the path to ge...

This paper analyzes the changing R&D process at Japanese pharmaceutical companies, based on a questionnaire survey as well as structured interviews at large Japanese pharmaceutical companies. Japanese pharmaceutical companies have recently engaged in active R&D collaborations with other firms as well as universities. This paper identifies the factors underlying this trend, finding that all thre...

The present study aims to identify the financial strengths and weaknesses of the Indian public sector pharmaceutical enterprises by properly establishing relationships between the items of the balance sheet and profit and loss account. The study covers two public sector drug and pharmaceutical enterprises listed on BSE. The study has been undertaken for the period of twelve years from 1997-98 t...