BACKGROUND Breast cancer in Iranian women occurs about a decade earlier than in Western countries. This study sought to evaluate the impact of triple negative phenotype on early onset of ductal cell breast cancer and its prognosis in Iranian females. METHODS Estrogen and progesterone receptors, Her-2 overexpression and nuclear accumulation of P53 were assessed in sixty surgically resected for...

BACKGROUND Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) may manifest with heterogeneous patterns according to ethnic origins. The purpose of this study was to describe the influence of various Iranian ethnic origins on clinical measures in patients with AS. METHODS 0ne hundred sixty-three AS patients diagnosed by modified New York 1984 criteria were enrolled consecutively. The patients were classified into Fa...

BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease of polygenic etiology. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) microsatellite as a proinflammatory cytokine is believed to play an important role in the etiology of this disease. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the association of TNF-α microsatellite sequence variation in patients with MS and its risk factor in the s...

BACKGROUND The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a widely used instrument to measure psychological morbidity in cancer patients. This study aimed to translate and test the reliability and validity of the Iranian version of the HADS. METHODS The English language version of the HADS was translated into Persian (Iranian language) and was used in this study. The questionnaire was ad...

UNLABELLED Aims/Introduction:  The objective of this study was to translate and validate an Iranian version of the Diabetes Quality of Life (DQOL) questionnaire in an Iranian population of males and females with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS   A total of 503 patients with type 2 diabetes were recruited from nine diabetes clinics across several Iranian cities. A standar...

BACKGROUND Hope is an important factor in the recovery of cancer patients. Few Iranian studies investigated the level of hope in cancer patients. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the level of hope in Iranian cancer patients and the related factors. METHODS In a descriptive correlational study, 150 cancer patients were selected by a consecutive sampling method. Hope in patient...

BACKGROUND Nutritional deficiency, bleeding, and inflammation are three main causes of anemia. On the other hand, erythropoietin (EPO) production, iron availability, and a healthy bone marrow are essential for erythropoiesis. Recently, recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) has been used to treat the patients already taking iron supplements. In Iranian traditional medicine literature, much ha...

Introduction: This study aimed to develop valid and reliable scale with the intention of measure Coping Self-efficacy (CSES) of Iranian type 2 diabetic patients. Patients and Methods: Validity and reliability of Iranian version of Coping Self-efficacy Scale (CSES) were measured by a cross-sectional study. Content validity, reliability and cultural equivalency were appraised through qualitative ...

OBJECTIVE One of the most important goals of orthodontic treatment is to create an esthetic, well balanced facial profile. However, the components of a well-balanced Iranian facial profile have not yet been established. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anteroposterior lip position of the Iranian population and to compare the perception of orthodontists, dental students and orthodon...