BACKGROUND Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are frequently malnourished and have increased resting energy expenditure (REE). An increase in the work of breathing is generally considered to be the main cause of this hypermetabolism, but other factors may also be implicated. Bronchodilators may decrease the work of breathing by reducing airway obstruction, but beta 2 adr...

PURPOSE To review the literature to determine whether inhaled ipratropium bromide provides additive benefits to adults with acute asthma who are being treated with beta-agonists in an emergency department. SUBJECTS AND METHODS English-language studies, both published (1978 to 1999) and unpublished, were retrieved using Medline, Science Citation Index, Current Contents, bibliographic reviews o...

The efficacy and safety of salmeterol alone was compared with the combination of salmeterol plus ipratropium and with placebo during long-term treatment in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In addition, the single-dose effect in response to the first dose of treatment was studied over 12 h. The patients (n=144; age 64+/-7 yrs, forced expiratory volume in one second (FE...

I bromide is an atropine derived anti-cholinergic bronchodilator used in obstructive lung diseases. Anisocoria mainly caused by the direct effect of nebulized ipratropium bromide via a leaking mask has been well described in the literature.1,2 However, anisocoria induced by systemic absorption after long-term use of high dose ipratropium inhaler is not well reported. We report a case of a 24-ye...

Exercise tolerance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients treated with oral aminophylline may be different from those treated with high-dose inhaled ipratropium bromide. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of therapeutic doses of oral aminophylline with high-dose ipratropium bromide on spirometry and exercise tolerance. The study was conducted on three consecu...

In two groups of patients, 15 with asthma and 15 with chronic bronchitis, the bronchodilator effects of ipratropium bromide, of fenoterol plus theophylline, and of the combination of the three drugs, were compared using a double-blind, single-dose, placebo-controlled format. Ipratropium bromide caused rapid bronchodilatation which was not significantly different in asthmatic patients and patien...

Spirometry, body plethysmography, maximal expiratory flow-volume curves (MEFV-curves) with air and with heliox (80% He + 20% O2) before and after inhalation of bronchodilators were studied in a group of 20 adult cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Most of them showed prominent bronchial obstruction and seven also had evidence of restrictive pulmonary disease. Large differences were observed between ...

Ipratropium bromide is a white to off-white crystalline substance. It is freely soluble in lower alcohols and water, existing in an ionized state in aqueous solutions, and relatively insoluble in non-polar media. Ipratropium bromide nasal solution, 0.06% is a metereddose, manual pump spray unit which delivers 42 mcg ipratropium bromide (on an anhydrous basis) per spray (70 mcL) in an isotonic, ...

Ipratropium bromide, a nonselective muscarinic antagonist, is widely prescribed for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Analyses of COPD patients, with underlying ischaemic heart disease, receiving anticholinergics, have indicated increased risk of severity and occurrence of cardiovascular events (including myocardial infarction). The present study explored whether ip...

Inhalational insulin was withdrawn from the market due to its potential to produce airway hyper-reactivity and bronchoconstriction. So, the present study was designed to explore the acute effects of insulin on airway reactivity of guinea pigs and protective effects of salbutamol and ipratropium against insulin induced airway hyperresponsiveness on isolated tracheal smooth muscle of guinea pig. ...