The majority of studies that have investigated the effects of healthy aging on cognition have focused on age-related differences in voluntary and deliberately engaged cognitive processes. Yet many forms of cognition occur spontaneously, without any deliberate attempt at engaging them. In this article we review studies that have assessed age-related differences in four such types of spontaneous ...

Involuntary musical imagery, colloquially known as “earworms”, is a phenomenon hypothesized to reflect involuntary rehearsal of long-term memory representations. Here we investigated earworms with questionnaire adapted from Halpern and Bartlett (2011, Music Perception, 28(4), 425–432), both in typical individuals participants congenital amusia. Congenital amusics have impaired short- memory, ye...

Abstract This paper investigates the madeleine -memory (so-called from Proust's novel In Search of Lost Time ) as a case pre-reflective experience, genesis its sedimentation into body. Indeed, I aim to address question literary protagonist Marcel on roots his happiness and memories. Until now, has been described bodily involuntary. phenomenology, wide literature confirmed relationship between s...

A number of autobiographical memory theories and clinical theories of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) make claims that are different from standard views of memory and have been the subject of controversy. These claims include the existence of a long-term perceptual memory system supporting conscious experience separate to episodic memory; greater involvement of perceptual memory in the res...

BACKGROUND Emotional dysfunction is a core feature of psychotic disorders. One expression of such dysfunction is a reduction of the emotion-induced enhancement of memory which is normally found in healthy individuals. Less severe disruption of emotional processing may also be present in individuals prone to 'unusual' psychosis-like experiences. In this study we investigate voluntary declarative...

The Biased Competition Model (BCM) suggests both top-down and bottom-up biases operate on selective attention (e.g. Desimone & Duncan, 1995). It has been suggested that top-down control signals may arise from working memory. In support, Downing (2000) found faster responses to probes presented in the location of stimuli held vs. the involuntary nature of this effect and that shared features bet...

Involuntary episodic memories are memories of events that come to mind spontaneously, that is, with no preceding retrieval attempts. They are common in daily life and observed in a range of clinical disorders in the form of negative, intrusive recollections or flashbacks. However, little is known about their underlying mechanisms. Here we report a series of experiments in which-for the first ti...