Seasonal changes in the neural attributes of brain nuclei that control song in songbirds are among the most pronounced examples of naturally occurring plasticity in the adult brain of any vertebrate. The behavioral correlates of this seasonal neural plasticity have not been well characterized, particularly in songbird species that lack adult song learning. To address this question, we investiga...

In the present work, we have examined the ability of some different equations of state in predicting the Joule-Thomson coefficient, ?J-T, of different fluids. For dense fluids, for which density is greater than the Boyle density, ?B, two appropriate equations of state, namely the linear isotherm regularity, LIR, and the dense system equation of state, DSEOS, have been examined. The results show...

One hypothesis for the function of vocal repertoires in songbirds is that singing multiple song types facilitates song matching, a behaviour in which one male replies to a rival’s song with a song of the same type. In eastern populations of song sparrows, low levels of whole song sharing restrict opportunities for matching of entire song types. A male in this population might still match a neig...

Juvenile white-crowned sparrows learn to sing by first memorizing an adult's song and then progressively matching their vocalizations to this model during plastic song. Previous studies have shown that neurons in the song-system nucleus HVC of adult sparrows respond preferentially to a bird's own song. In this study, the auditory selectivity of HVC neurons in subadult birds was examined. In you...

Auditory neurons of the anterior forebrain (AF) of zebra finches become selective for song during song learning. In adults, these neurons respond more to the bird's own song (BOS) than to the songs of other zebra finches (conspecifics) or BOS played in reverse. In contrast, AF neurons from young birds (30 d) respond equally well to all song stimuli. AF selectivity develops rapidly during song l...

Males of the species Drosophila melanogaster – the common fruit fly – court their females. During courtship the male extends and vibrates his wing and thereby produces courtship song, which consists of two qualitatively different modes: sine and pulse song. During song, males repeatedly switch between sine and pulse. Recent studies suggest that the male switches not randomly, but chooses whethe...

in the present work, we have examined the ability of some different equations of state in predicting the joule-thomson coefficient, ?j-t, of different fluids. for dense fluids, for which density is greater than the boyle density, ?b, two appropriate equations of state, namely the linear isotherm regularity, lir, and the dense system equation of state, dseos, have been examined. the results show...

Abstract This paper starts from the question of how perception an invective in Late Republican Rome is influenced, when it follows strictly rules ars rhetorica. Since speaker and audience will have undergone same rhetorical training, both sides clear ideas about genre, as they can be reconstructed surviving textbooks. At time, shown on basis ancient evidence that insults were perceived not only...