Background & Objective: The her2 amplification plays an important role in breast cancer management. Therefore, there is a need for using supplementary molecular methods in IHC equivocal cases. Present study has been conducted to determine the effects of clinicopathological variables on her2 gene amplification by chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) in IHC ...

BACKGROUND In the Raloxifene Use for The Heart trial, 10 101 postmenopausal women with coronary heart disease (CHD) or multiple CHD risk factors were randomly assigned to 60 mg/d raloxifene or to placebo and followed for a median of 5.6 years. Raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, was found to reduce the risk of invasive breast cancer and vertebral fractures but not the risk of c...

Invasive species are leading drivers of environmental change. Their impacts are often linked to their population size, but surprisingly little is known about how frequently they achieve high abundances. A nearly universal pattern in ecology is that species are rare in most locations and abundant in a few, generating right-skewed abundance distributions. Here, we use abundance data from over 24,...

In order to examine the role of the erhtÃ--2oncogene in human breast cancer, gene amplification and expression were examined in multiple stages of tumor progression. Gene amplification ranging from 2-fold to 32-fold was found in 30 (29%) of 130 cases analyzed. Expression of the receptor-like gene product was determined by a combination of Western immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. In each...

PURPOSE Staging of breast tumor has important implications for treatment and prognosis. This study aims at pinpointing the frequency of each stage among familial and nonfamilial breast cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety-nine Jordanian females diagnosed with familial and nonfamilial breast cancer between 2000 and 2002 were enrolled in this study All breast cancer cases were staged according...

Background &Objective;: Breast cancer is the most common female malignancy. Detection of DNA of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) in breast carcinomas suggests that the virus may play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of HPVs genotypes 6, 11, 16, 18 and 31 in paraffin-embedded tissue samples of invasive breast carcinomas. Me...

background and objective: determination of hormone receptor status in the management of breast cancer is well-established. the aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of androgen receptor (ar) expression in invasive ductal carcinoma of breast. materials and methods: for this purpose, 55 cases of invasive ductal breast carcinoma were examined using a monoclonal antibody against ar on for...

Invasive alien species spread through the environment and threaten native biodiversity, assisted by the absence of natural enemies. Alien species may also carry pathogens, which can be transmitted to native species. About half of the known endangered species are under threat from invasive alien species. The Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity in 2008 invited rele...

Special AT-rich sequence binding protein 1 (SATB1) is a recently discovered gene regulator that can promote the growth and metastasis of breast cancer. However, its expression in different stages of breast cancer development have not been examined. We explored the role of SATB1 in the development of breast cancer by detecting SATB1 expression levels in different stages of breast cancer. SATB1 e...