Hospital discharges and deaths attributed to chronic bronchitis and emphysema have fallen in recent years while the number of those receiving invalidity benefit for these conditions has remained constant. One hundred and fifty seven such persons were invited to take part in this study, in which the diagnosis, degree of respiratory impairment, and other factors contributing to disability were re...

there is disagreement among the imāmī jurisprudences concerning the legal status of contract containing illegitimate subject; although some maintain the soundness of such contract, most jurists believe in the invalidity and prohibition of acting on the illegitimate subject of the contract. among those maintaining the invalidity, some have accepted it as the primary rule and principle in these c...

T H E DECADE that has passed since the Social Security Act was adopted in the United States saw a rapid expansion of social security measures throughout the world. When the act was under consideration by Congress in the spring of 1 9 3 5 , Great Britain and almost every country of Europe had one or more social insurance programs providing protection against the risks of old age, death, invalidi...

Background: Government agencies need to improve the ethical behavior of managers and employees in order for their mission to be effective. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of managerschr('39') moral behavior in the level of social invalidity of employees, considering the mediating role of organizational citizenship behavior in government organizations. Method: The research met...

The mere thought effect is defined in part by the tendency of self-reflective thought to heighten the generation of and reflection on attitude-consistent thoughts. By focusing on individuals' fears of invalidity, we explored the possibility that the mere opportunity for thought sometimes motivates reflection on attitude-inconsistent thoughts. Across three experiments, dispositional and situatio...