We show that occurrences of the universal quantifier in the left-hand side of general concept inclusions can be rewritten into EL axioms under certain circumstances. I.e., this intuitive modeling feature is available for OWL EL while retaining tractability. Furthermore, this rewriting makes it possible to reason over corresponding extensions of EL and Horn-SROIQ using standard reasoners.

Wumpus world is a toy problem domain used in [3] to introduce the concept of logical agents. Using agents that reason about the world with the tools of formal logic is an intuitive approach that underpinned much of the earlier research in artificial intelligence, however there are issues associated with using formal logic as a basis for reasoning (such as the frame problem). I propose to implem...

How are general informal reasoning skills acquired? Little research has been done on this topic. Two hypotheses dominate. According to the strong situated learning hypothesis, there are no general informal reasoning skills (only contextor domainspecific skills) and so nothing can be done to improve them. According to the practice hypothesis, general informal reasoning can be improved through in...

Recently in epistemology a number of authors have mounted Bayesian objections to dogmatism. These objections depend on a Bayesian principle of evidential confirmation: Evidence E confirms hypothesis H just in case Pr(H|E)>Pr(H). I argue using Keynes’ and Knight’s distinction between risk and uncertainty that the Bayesian principle fails to accommodate the intuitive notion of having no reason to...

most of the researches do not differentiate between intuitive critic and passive one – in the field of features, applications and methods. this critical school is called emotional or passive critics which emphasizes aesthetics. thus sensitivity is not the only appliance to wisdom but is a mean to inspire happiness or unhappiness feeling. consequently the passive (critical) school is the result ...

theistic philosophers have special view on human nature. they define it in terms of rational faculty and thus regard human final perfection and ultimate felicity dependent on the activity of this faculty and actualization of it. there are philosophers, such as plato, plotinus, and zakariya al-razi (rhazes), who maintain explicitly that human felicity is based on his becoming philosopher. other ...