Since the Introduction of computers into the manufacturing workplace, Information Technology (IT) and Automation Systems have revolutionised the way in which manufacturing industry operates. This applies to the general organisation and procedures adopted by manufacturing industry as well as specific methods and techniques of manufacture. These changes have brought about several benefits to indu...

The term “geomechanics” means different things to people. We assert that in the petroleum industry broad consensus for a definition would probably be something like this: Geomechanics is discipline investigates rock mechanical behavior subsurface (i.e., at wellbore wall, overburden, cap rock, and/or reservoir) under present-day in-situ stress and pore pressure conditions or those changed throug...