Objective Increased nuchal translucency in the human fetus is associated with aneuploidy, structural malformations and several syndromes such as Noonan syndrome. In 60-70% of the Noonan syndrome cases, a gene mutation can be demonstrated. Previous research showed that aneuploid fetuses with increased nuchal translucency demonstrate an aberrant lymphatic endothelial diff erentiation. Methods Fet...

The aim of this study was to determine the outcome of chromosomally normal livebirths with increased fetal nuchal translucency at 10-14 weeks' gestation. Clinical follow up of 89 chromosomally normal livebirths that in fetal life had a minimum nuchal translucency thickness of 3.5 mm and a comparison group of 302 infants whose fetal nuchal translucency thickness at 10-14 weeks of gestation was l...

Tooth shade results from the interaction between enamel color, enamel translucency and dentine color. A change in any of these parameters will change a tooths color. The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes occurring in enamel translucency during a tooth whitening process. Fourteen human tooth enamel fragments, with a mean thickness of 0.96 mm (+/- 0.3 mm), were subjected to a bl...

OBJECTIVE To assess a possible relationship between ductus venosus blood flow abnormalities and cardiac defects in chromosomally normal fetuses with increased nuchal translucency thickness at 10-14 weeks of gestation. METHODS Ductus venosus Doppler ultrasound blood flow velocity waveforms were obtained at 10-14 weeks' gestation immediately before fetal karyotyping in 200 consecutive singleton...

Measurements of optical translucency of human skulls were carried out. An incandescent light source and a CCD camera were used to measure the distribution of light transmitted through the skull in 10 subjects post-mortem. We noticed that intra-individual differences in optical translucency may be up to 100 times but inter-individual translucency differences across the skull reach 105 times. Bas...

AIM To evaluate the feasibility and diagnostic accuracy of fetal nuchal translucency and nasal bone assessment at 11-14 weeks for screening of trisomy 21 at a single center. METHODS Nuchal translucency measurement and nasal bone evaluation in relation to the fetal karyotype for singleton fetuses were retrospectively assessed at the Ospedale Microcitemico, Cagliari, Italy, in a three-year peri...

This study evaluated the masking ability of different porcelain thicknesses and combination of enamel and/or dentin porcelain layers over simulated background dental substrates with higher (A2) and lower (C4) color values. Combination of the enamel (E) and dentin (D) monolayer porcelain disks with different thicknesses (0.5 mm, 0.8 mm, and 1 mm) resulted in the following bilayer groups (n=10): ...

Translucency is an appearance attribute, which primarily results from subsurface scattering of light. The visual perception translucency has gained attention in the past two decades. However, studies mostly address thick and complex 3D objects that completely occlude background. On other hand, transparency flat thin see-through filters been studied more extensively. Despite this, do not backgro...

A nondestructive method for detection of translucency, a physiological disorder in pineapple, would be beneficial to the industry. Ninety-two pineapples were imaged with X-ray to determine whether translucency could be detected. After imaging, each pineapple was cut open to determine the true level of the disorder and rated on a scale from 1 (no translucency) to 5 (extremely translucent). The X...

We have developed a simple and effective method for everyday measurement of translucency with a handy spectral reflectometer using edge loss. Edge loss can be used to quantify the translucency index in terms of changes in reflectance under two types of measurement conditions. Here, a measurement condition represents the pairing of an illumination area and a measurement area. As a measure of the...