Administration of synthetic or purified peptides directly into the brain ventricles is a method commonly used by neuroscientists for exploring physiological and behavioral functions of gene products. i.v. administration is controlled by the blood-brain barrier, which limits its effectiveness, and current approaches for acute or chronic intracerebroventricular delivery have significant technical...

Rats have an attenuated febrile response to intravenous endogenous pyrogen [e.g., interleukin-1β (IL-1β)] near the term of pregnancy. The present experiments were carried out on 25 nonpregnant and 32 pregnant rats to test the hypothesis that arginine vasopressin functioning as an endogenous antipyretic substance in the central nervous system mediates this attenuated febrile response. An intrave...

Fentanyl citrate analgesia attenuates the excess nitrogen excretion in the urine and glucose production induced by trauma. On the other hand, intracerebroventricular injection of morphine stimulates excretion of stress hormones, such as catecholamines and corticosterone. Furthermore, morphine levels in the brain are increased during fasting and sepsis. The aims of this study were to determine w...

Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that chronic intracerebroventricular administration of captopril attenuates the development of hypertension in the spontaneously hypertensive rat of the Okamoto strain (SHR) without altering sodium and water balance, plasma renin, or sympathoadrenal activities. To determine whether the depressor effect of intracerebroventricular captopril was asso...

Intracerebroventricularly infused hypertonic saline elicits sympathoexcitatory and pressor effects. To clarify the mechanisms mediating these effects, we evaluated blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) responses to intracerebroventricular administration of 0.3 M NaCl, ouabain, and rat hypothalamic and pituitary extracts containing ouabain-like activit...

OBJECTIVE Intestinal overproduction of atherogenic chylomicron particles postprandially is an important component of diabetic dyslipidemia in insulin-resistant states. In addition to enhancing insulin secretion, peripheral glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor stimulation has the added benefit of reducing this chylomicron overproduction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Given the pr...

The gastrointestinal system may be involved in the etiopathogenesis of insulin-resistant brain state (IRBS) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Gastrointestinal hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is being explored as a potential therapy activation GLP-1 receptors (GLP-1R) exerts neuroprotection controls peripheral metabolism. Intracerebroventricular administration streptozotocin (STZ-icv) used t...

Oral administration of the angiotensin II receptor subtype 1 (AT1) antagonist DuP 753 causes long-lasting lowering of mean arterial pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. We examined whether the antihypertensive action of DuP 753 is a result of inhibition of brain angiotensin II. In normal spontaneously hypertensive rats, we found that intracerebroventricular DuP 753 (10 micrograms) block...

Growth hormone secretagogue receptors (GHSRs) in the central nervous system (CNS) mediate hyperphagia and adiposity induced by acyl ghrelin (AG). Evidence suggests that des-AG (dAG) has biological activity through GHSR-independent mechanisms. We combined in vitro and in vivo approaches to test possible GHSR-mediated biological activity of dAG. Both AG (100 nmol/L) and dAG (100 nmol/L) significa...