Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) affects cytosolic calcium ion levels. The aim of the present work was to examine the role of protein kinase A (PKA)- and PKC-dependent signalling pathways in mediating the effect of CRH on calcium ion influx (from extra-cellular sources) and calcium ion mobilization (from intra-cellular stores). In this study, we employed a well-known model of neural crest-...

Multi-component T2 relaxation imaging (MCRI) provides specific in vivo measurement of myelin water content and tissue water environments through myelin water fraction (MWF), intra/extra-cellular water fraction (I/EWF) and intra/extracellular and global geometric mean T2 (GMT2) times. Quantitative MCRI assessment of tissue water environments has provided new insights into the progression and und...

The present study was designed to evaluate the short-term effects of intravenous administration of furosemide on key functions in the kidney cortex and the outer and inner medulla of rats by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Renal tissue water content, renal tissue oxygenation (in relation to the magnetic resonance spin-spin relaxation rate), the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of wa...

In this paper, a tapered tip optical fiber probe sensor for localized refractive index (RI) measurements is presented. This sensor’s interaction with analytes is confined to a few micro-meters which makes it a promising candidate for in-vivo or even intra-cellular RI monitoring. This tapered tip was simply fabricated by etching optical fiber with hydrofluoric acid to a conic shape with a submic...

background and objectives: otostegia persica (burm.) boiss. is an endemic plant of iran with various applications in traditional medicine which contains of several antioxidant constituents. this research was aimed to investigate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract from o. persica aerial parts in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (huvecs) using hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) as an inducer of oxi...

introduction: in this study, the effect of memantine administration into the nucleus accumbens on the metabolic changes induced by acute stress in female mice was evaluated. methods: intra-accumbens unilateral or bilateral canulation was performed. one week after recovery, a group of animals were given memantine (1, 0.5, and 0.1 μg/mouse) five min before stress induction intra-accumbally, and t...

Cyanobacterial blooms have been known since ancient times; however, they are currently increasing globally. Human and ecological health risks posed by harmful cyanobacterial recorded around the world. These mainly associated with their ability to affect ecosystem chain different mechanisms like production of cyanotoxins, especially microcystins. Their expansion effects led many researchers seek...