According to James Woodward's influential interventionist account of causation, X is a cause of Y iff, roughly, there is a possible intervention on X that changes Y. Woodward requires that interventions be merely logically possible. I will argue for two claims against this modal character of interventions: First, merely logically possible interventions are dispensable for the semantic project o...

The first part of this paper presents an argument showing that the currently most highly acclaimed interventionist theory of causation, i.e. the one advanced by Woodward, excludes supervening macro properties from having a causal influence on effects of their micro supervenience bases. Moreover, this interventionist exclusion argument is demonstrated to rest on weaker premises than classical ex...

The purpose of this study was to engage learners and teachers with the aim developing leadership potential improving capacity capabilities learner leaders through mainly Change Laboratory Workshops, which were conducted Learner Representative Council (LRC) members, at a public secondary school in Oshana Region, Namibia. guided by following main question: How can structure be improved schools? r...

In this essay the authors explore the nature of efficient causal explanation in Newton’s Principia and The Opticks. It is argued that: (1) In the dynamical explanations of the Principia, Newton treats the phenomena under study as cases of Hall’s second kind of atypical causation. The underlying concept of causation is therefore a purely interventionist one. (2) In the descriptions of his optica...

In line with epidemiological tradition, studies of cardiovascular health in working populations can be divided into 3 types: analytic, experimental, or interventionist, and descriptive studies. The first type of study aims to determine whether certain factors are associated with a greater risk of CVD. These factors may be specific to working populations, or not. Interventionist studies aim to d...

A distinct strength of interventionist research (IVR) is the ability to establish particularly good access a partner organization and collect exceptionally detailed information, which may not be available researchers who employ other approaches. Yet, challenge IVR exploit this data-gathering opportunity in full, order develop theoretical contribution. We propose ‘theoretical focus driven’ mode ...

This empirical study reports on a cross-linguistic analysis of the overarching issue of L1 lexicalization regarding two (non)-interventionist approaches to vocabulary teaching. Participants were seventy four juniors at the Islamic Azad University, Roudehen Branch in Tehran. The investigation pursued (i) the impact of the provided (non)-interventionist treatments on both sets of (non)-lexicalize...