This article investigates the localization problem of a network in 2-D and 3-D spaces given positions anchor nodes global frame internode relative measurements local coordinate frames. It is assumed that frames different have unknown orientations. First, an angle-displacement rigidity theory developed, which can be used to localize all free by known (local position, distance, bearing, angle, or...

Strigolactone (SL) mutants in diverse species show reduced stature in addition to their extensive branching. Here, we show that this dwarfism in pea (Pisum sativum) is not attributable to the strong branching of the mutants. The continuous supply of the synthetic SL GR24 via the root system using hydroponics can restore internode length of the SL-deficient rms1 mutant but not of the SL-response...

In this paper, we investigate relative localization techniques based on internode distance measurements for small wireless networks. High precision ranging is assumed, which is achieved by using technologies such as ultra-wide band (UWB) ranging. A number of approaches are formulated and compared for relative location estimation, which include the Linear Least Squares (LLS) approach, the Maximu...

Partial submergence induces rapid internodal elongation in deepwater rice (Oryza sativa L., cv Habiganj Aman II). We measured in vivo extensibility, tissue tension, hydraulic conductance and osmotic potential in the region of cell elongation in the uppermost internode. The in vivo extensibility of the internode, measured by stretching of living tissue with a custom-made constant stress extensio...

Phylogenies inferred from different data matrices often conflict with each other necessitating the development of measures that quantify this incongruence. Here, we introduce novel measures that use information theory to quantify the degree of conflict or incongruence among all nontrivial bipartitions present in a set of trees. The first measure, internode certainty (IC), calculates the degree ...

Node, internode, and leaf explants of Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. × Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. hybrid poplar clone (89 M 066) tissue culture regenerated plantlets were used for direct and indirect somatic embryogenesis. Direct somatic embryos were differentiated on node, internode and leaf explants on Murashige and Skoog basal medium (MS) supplemented with N 6 -Benzyladenine (BA)...

It has been argued theoretically and confirmed experimentally that conduction velocity (theta) should be proportional to nerve fibre diameter for myelinated fibre tracts, such as normal peripheral nerve, exhibiting 'structural' similarity'. In some axons, however, the nodes of Ranvier are more closely spaced than in normal peripheral nerve. Analytic arguments have suggested that when internodal...

Randomly generated points representing the deployment of radio terminals (nodes) in an area R can be unrealistically close together (clustered) and the resulting connectivity measure for the wireless network (such as average number of neighbors per node) can have a relatively large variance. When a minimum internode distance is imposed according to an "inhibition" random process, the simulated ...

Networks of Workstations have become a cost-effective alternative to parallel computers. The characterization of these networks results quite difficult, since the traditional parameters used for regular topologies (node degree, diameter, average distance, etc.) do not provide information about the arrangement of the links. In this paper, we propose a new model of communication cost between netw...

Second generation multicomputers use wormhole routing, allowing a very low channel setup time and drastically reducing the dependency between network latency and internode distance. The network routing can be deterministic or adaptive. In this paper, we present the development and implementation of a fully adaptive routing algorithm. Our work is carried out in a multicomputer with the C104 rout...