Task-based language assessment (TBLA) grows from the observation that mastering the grammar and lexicon of a language is not sufficient for using a language to achieve ends in social situations. Language use is observed in settings that are more realistic and complex than in discrete skills assessments, and typically require the integration of topical, social, and/or pragmatic knowledge along w...

background:     purpose:     methods:     results:     conclusion:     key words:     ict, esp, medical students , methodology instruction based on ict specialized articles is a more effective method for teaching esp to the students of medicine linguistically and methodologically. the students achieved better results with internet-based medical english articles, compared to the traditional text...

this study constitutes an attempt to see what language assessment literacy (lal) isfor three groups of stakeholders, namely lal test developers, lal instructors, andlal test-takers. the perceptions of the former group were derived from the contentanalysis of the latest version of the lal test, and those of the latter 2 groups wereassessed through a survey designed by the researcher. participant...

The Interpretive Visualization (IVIS) Group at the Division of Biomedical Communications, Dept. of Surgery, University of Toronto has developed a visually-oriented, Internet-based Continuing Professional Development (CPD) course on Sentinel Node Biopsy. The site design methodology involved an extensive needs assessment, iterative formative evaluations of site and media design, a summative evalu...

We have argued for the utility of a comparative developmental approach to exploring the relation between language diversity and thought (Lucy and Gaskins 2001). In this chapter, we elaborate the importance of taking a structure-centered approach to such comparative-developmental research (Lucy 1997a). A structure-centered approach begins with an analysis of language structure and then moves to ...

0957-4174/$ see front matter 2011 Elsevier Ltd. A doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2011.01.098 ⇑ Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: [email protected] (J. Akbari ac.ir (M.R. Meybodi). Vertex coloring problem is a combinatorial optimization problem in which a color is assigned to each vertex of the graph such that no two adjacent vertices have the same color. Cellular learning automata (CLA) is an e...