as in iranian traditional medicine, bee venom (bv) is a promising treatment for the rheumatoid arthritis (ra) which is considered as a problematic human chronic inflammatory disease in the present time. smoking is considered to be a major risk factor in ra onset and severity. the main aim of this study is to investigate the effects of bv on cigarette smoke-induced inflammatory response in fibro...

Recent studies have established that sex hormones directly or indirectly affect T and B cells and macrophages by manipulating the production of cytokines. In this study the possibility of the effect of 5a-DHT on macrophage (MΦ) nitric oxide (NO) release via interleukin-l, 6 (lL-1β, IL-6) or tumor necrosis factor-a (TNFα) was investigated. The endogenous cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were ...

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating psychiatric disease. The dysregulated cytokines in depression are assumed due to the hyperactivation of immune system. Here we aimed evaluate serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) MDD. This study recruited 87 MDD patients age sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). increased levels IL-1β TNF-α were observed among patients....

Abstract Aims: To investigate the effect of Myrtenol, the active ingredient of Myrtle, on the oxidant and anti-oxidant indices and cytokines in the allergic asthma. Methods: Allergic asthma was induced by ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization and inhalation in four groups of rats; Control, Asthma, Asthma+Dexamethasone and Asthma+Myrtenol. Myrtenol (50mg/kg) or Dexamethasone (2.5mg/kg) was a...

In inflammatory bowel diseases, interleukin-1β production is accelerated. Butyrate, a short chain fatty acid, plays an important role in inflammatory bowel diseases. We investigated the effect of butyrate on interleukin-1β production in macrophage and elucidated its underlying mechanism. We stimulated THP-1 cells, a human premonocytic cell line, by lipopolysaccharide alone and by butyrate with ...

The main objective of this study was to assess the in vitro effects of curcuminoids extract, hydrolyzed collagen and green tea extract in normal bovine chondrocytes and osteoarthritic human chondrocytes cultured in monolayer. This study also investigated the synergic or additive effects of these compounds. Enzymatically isolated primary bovine or human chondrocytes were cultured in monolayer un...

Objective(s): Inflammation is an immune response toward injuries. Although inflammation is healing response, but in some condition it will lead to chronic disease such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer’s and various cancer. Indonesian cassia (Cinnamomum burmanni C. Nees & T. Ness) known to contain coumarin, is widely used for alternative medicine es...

The 4-ACGC isolated from BP was prepared to investigate the cardioprotective effects on attenuating chronic heart failure in vivo and in vitro. A chronic heart failure (CHF) rat model was established to investigate the cardioprotective effects of 4-ACGC. From this, several cardiac function indexes were recorded. The inflammatory markers including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Interleukin-6 (...

Ulcerative colitis is chronic and recurrent disease of the gastrointestinal tract with uncertain etiology and incomplete treatment options. N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor suppression has shown anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo. The aim of present study was to evaluate the role of dizocilpine (MK-801), a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, on TNBS (trinitrobenzene sulfoni...

BACKGROUND In vitro and animal studies have demonstrated that Chlorella is a potent biological response modifier on immunity. However, there were no direct evidences for the effect of Chlorella supplementation on immune/inflammation response in healthy humans. METHODS This study was designed for an 8-week randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial: 5g of Chlorella (n=23) or Placebo ...