in chapter one we will describe definitions and preliminary results to provide the global context of our own results to be presented in detail in the subsequent chapters in chapter two we consider degree-one maps of the circle and we study their rotation set. our main result in this chapter says that if the map is topologically mixing then its rotation interval is nontrivial (that is, not reduc...

Research and experimentation on embryonic stem cells has opened new horizons in different fields of medical science. The particular characteristic of these cells in its ability to produce different body cells has raised the hopes for treating a wide range of diseases and repairing damaged tissues. Alongside the progress in research and technology, a variety of legal challenges have also been po...

Human inventions and innovations are generally subject to legal protection but some of these innovations are not subject to legal protection. Medical methods are one of the controversial exceptions of patentability of inventions and opponents and proponents of patent ability of medical methods support propound several reasons to prove their theory. While major arguments of proponents are justif...

according to webster and wind (1972) and anderson et al (1987), “organizational buying is a complex process and involves many people from different functional areas, multiple goals and potentially conflicting decision criteria. moreover, the customers of today are also more knowledgeable and selective when making their purchasing decisions. since a key to organizational survival is the retentio...

bekenstein and hawking by introducing temperature and every black hole has entropy and using the first law of thermodynamic for black holes showed that this entropy changes with the event horizon surface. bekenstein and hawking entropy equation is valid for the black holes obeying einstein general relativity theory. however, from one side einstein relativity in some cases fails to explain expe...

Intellectual property plays an increasingly vital role in pharmaceutical and medical trade and development. Globalization of intellectual property rights means that pharmaceutical inventions are now protected anywhere and everywhere defying jurisdictional borders. Intellectual property has moved into the mainstream of national economic and developmental planning of pharmaceutical industry. In t...

abstract when in administrative law the matter of administrative offences are raised, these offences would have legal nature if they are force able, some of these offences are related to administrative law, where as some other pelts are common in civil or penal law. the current research intends not only to consider the concept and foundation of administrative execution rules but also compares...