Recognizers supporting multiple languages and writing systems are becoming increasingly important due to the international success of pen-based systems. The main intention of this paper is to improve our understanding of the differences and similarities between Japanese and western handwriting recognition. Knowing the common techniques is important for developing compact and powerful multilangu...

The medical writings of early medieval western Europe c. 700 – c. 1000 have often been derided for their disorganised appearance, poor Latin, nebulous conceptual framework, admixtures of magic and folklore, and general lack of those positive features that historians attribute to ancient or later medieval medicine. This paper attempts to rescue the period from its negative image. It examines a n...

Dear Editor, Many years ago unprofessional supervisors were identified as one of the main reasons for the withdrawal of a student’s study. Recently in some universities, unethical supervision has become an increasing concern of students and ethic committees. The last few years has witnessed an increase in the withdrawal rate of students who quit their study because of the poor guidance of their...

In this letter, we present the first demonstration of 2 8 power splitters made in silica-on-silicon by direct ultraviolet (UV) writing. The fabricated components are compact and exhibit good performance in terms of loss, uniformity, and bandwidth, showing that direct UV writing can become a competitive technology for fabrication of low-cost integrated optical devices.

The critical thinking in English writing skills is among the heated discussions field of second language writing. Grounded Paul & Elder's model and aided by Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory-Chinese Version (CTDI-CV), present study explored non-English majors’ ability through examining development argumentative results shows no significant difference scores between experimental group ...