rapid urbanization and industrialization, population growth and economic growth in developing countries make management of municipal solid waste more complex comparing with developed countries. furthermore, the conventional municipal solid waste management approach often is reductionists, not tailored to handle complexity. therefore, the need to a comprehensive and multi-disciplinary approach r...

Abstract Customer Lifetime Value (CLV) is known as an important concept in marketing and management of organizations to increase the captured profitability. Total value that a customer produces during his/her lifetime is named customer lifetime value. The generated value can be calculated through different methods. Each method considers different parameters. Due to the industry, firm, business...

Inflation for retirees is different from, and mostly higher than, the widely quoted macroeconomic inflation rate for the population. For example in the U.S. the Consumer Price Index (CPI) has a lesser known cousin called the CPI-E (for the elderly) in which the subcomponent weights are based on the consumption patterns of Americans above the age of 62. This suggests that Inflation Linked Bond F...

Reliability and robustness have been always important parameters of integrated systems. However, with the emergence of nanotechnologies reliability concerns are arising with an alarming pace. The consequence is an increasing demand of techniques that improve yield as well as lifetime reliability of today’s complex integrated systems. It is requested though, that the solutions result in only min...

Reliability and robustness have been always important parameters of integrated systems. However, with the emergence of nanotechnologies reliability concerns are arising with an alarming pace. The consequence is an increasing demand of techniques that improve yield as well as lifetime reliability of today’s complex integrated systems. It is requested though, that the solutions result in only min...

Rapid urbanization and industrialization, population growth and economic growth in developing countries make management of municipal solid waste more complex comparing with developed countries. Furthermore, the conventional municipal solid waste management approach often is reductionists, not tailored to handle complexity. Therefore, the need to a comprehensive and multi-disciplinary approach r...

Singleton [1] is a creational pattern with well-defined semantics ensuring that the instance is always created prior to use. This effectively solves the problem of initialization order when a number of interrelated objects are involved. But the pattern’s destruction semantics is inadequate for several singletons with complex dependencies among them. A Destruction-Managed Singleton complements t...