Over the past three decades, U.S. science and technology funding agencies have increasingly supported large-scale, centralized, lock grant-based research projects that often span multiple disciplines and institutions. This trend has developed at such a rate that esearch focused on understanding the management of these new collaborative models has largely not kept pace. We use two case tudies of...

Although there have been many previous studies of research collaboration, comparatively little attention has been given to the concept of 'collaboration' or to the adequacy of attempting to measure it through co-authorship. In this paper, we distinguish between collaboration at different levels and show that inter-institutional and international collaboration need not necessarily involve inter-...

Social network analysis (SNA) is based on a conceptual network representation of social interactions and is an invaluable tool for conservation professionals to increase collaboration, improve information flow, and increase efficiency. We present two approaches to constructing internet-based social networks, and use an existing traditional (survey-based) case study to illustrate in a familiar c...

Although there have been many previous studies of research collaboration, comparatively little attention has been given to the concept of 'collaboration' nor to the adequacy of attempting to measure it through co-authorship. In this paper, we distinguish between collaboration at different levels and show that inter-institutional and international collaboration need not necessarily involve inter...

This article is about the institutional collaboration in the management structure of a city-region. To achieve this purpose, corporate limits of Qazvin are studied as the city is becoming a region.  The possible institutional cooperative in the centralist governmental structure is planned based on the new regionalism theory and its governance pattern, new institutionalism theory and its emphas...

the first experimental sam for iran was constructed more than three decades ago under the supervision of prof. pyatt. based on this work prof pyatt had observed that the way in which iran was spending oil revenues was likely to exacerbate urban—rural income differentials in iran. in his approach to sam he did not distinguish between factorial and institutional income distributions preferring to...