RNA-specific adenosine deaminase (ADAR)-mediated adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing is a critical arm of the antiviral response. However, mechanistic insights into how A-to-I RNA editing affects viral infection are lacking. We posited that inosine incorporation into RNA facilitates sensing of nonself RNA by innate immune sensors and accordingly investigated the impact of inosine-modified RNA...

5. Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) was less inhibitory than ATP when it replaced part of the latter; inosine triphosphate had little inhibitory effect. Over a similar range, increasing concentration of uridine triphosphate produced progressively increasing inhibition. 6. No inhibitory action on the magnesiumactivated myofibrillar ATPase could be demonstrated with myokinase preparations. 7. Ethylene...

The 2',3'-dideoxy analogues of cytidine, guanosine, adenosine, inosine, and thymidine have been compared for their cytostatic effects on 14 cell lines that include B lymphoblastic, T lymphoblastic, and myeloblastic lines. In all cases 2',3'-dideoxycytidine (ddCyd) was the most toxic nucleoside, with dideoxyguanosine (ddGuo) next, and little cytostatic action by the analogues of thymidine, adeno...

Background Environmental and cellular inappropriate conditions can cause damages to cells nucleotide poll. Deamination and oxidation damages interfere with cell�s vital reactions. Inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase (ITPA), an evolutionary conserved enzyme, plays a critical role in elimination of non-canonical bases. In human genome, the ITPA gene is located on chromosome 20 short arm and tran...

In order to characterize a step in the reaction sequence of sodium and potassium ion-dependent adenosine triphosphatase (EC 3.6.1.3), the binding of radioactive adenosine triphosphate to kidney cell membranes was estimated by flow dialysis in the presence of a chelator of divalent cations, which prevented hydrolysis of the adenosine triphosphate. Adenosine triphosphate was bound to a single sit...

The structure of human inosine triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase (ITPA) has been determined using diffraction data to 1.6 A resolution. ITPA contributes to the accurate replication of DNA by cleansing cellular dNTP pools of mutagenic nucleotide purine analogs such as dITP or dXTP. A similar high-resolution unpublished structure has been deposited in the Protein Data Bank from a monoclinic and p...

The mechanism of in vitro inactivation and ATP-dependent rapid reactivation of rat liver tyrosine aminotransferase by a membrane-bound system from rat liver and kidney cortex and the nucleotide specificity of this process was investigated using partially purified tyrosine amino-transferase as a substrate. Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) could be replaced by guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP), Wher...

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the source of energy for various organs especially the heart muscle. ATP degradation pathways reach to uric acid through hypoxanthine and xanthine as the last two steps, which are catalyzed by xanthine oxidase (XO). Treatment with XO inhibitor has been shown to increase myocardial mechanical efficiency and improves cardiac contractility and myocardial ischemia. T...

The dialdehyde derivative of inosine, INOX (NSC 118994), was studied for its effect on RNA synthesis in Ehrlich tumor cells. INOX inhibited the incorporation of [l4C]uridine into the RNA of intact tumor cells. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and sucrose gradient centrifugation analysis of the RNA showed that the synthesis of preribosomal RNA and high-molecular-weight RNA was inhibited by INO...