An important indicator of the socio — economic development each country is level public welfare. At same time, decline in life various categories citizens leads to aggravation social needs society, demanding quick solutions. Satisfying these at state or municipal not always possible a short period which connected with limitation means, multi-level and bureaucratic nature system, lack citizen in...

The purpose of the article is the establishment of the tightness of the connection between the various sources of financing and the introduction of innovations at enterprises. In the process of research such scientific methods have been used: modeling – to determine the influence of the source of funding for innovation activities, on the number of new technological processes introduced and the ...

Union rent-seeking is considered a tax on f irm returns f rom investments in innovative activity. We examine this proposition by considering the responses o f f irms in a 1985 survey on R&D and product innovation. Consistent with our model, we f ind that innovative activity is significantly less important for union than for similar nonunion firms. We conclude that innovative activity may be an ...

The present paper first discusses theoretically the different incentives of managerversus owner-controlled firms for investment into innovative activity. In addition, the role of debt financing is analyzed. Subsequently the results from an empirical study on the determinants of innovative activity measured by patent applications are presented. A sample of German firms covering 2,793 observation...