Introduction This paper reports anatomical study of nature, incidence, innervation and clinical implications of Flexor Pollicis Brevis muscle (FPB). Material and Methods The anatomical dissection of 60 limbs from 30 cadavers were performed in the Department of Anatomy of Medical School of Catholic University of São Paulo. Results The superficial head of FPB has been innervated by the median...

Autonomic sympathetic nerves innervate peripheral resistance arteries, thereby regulating vascular tone and controlling blood supply to organs. Despite the fundamental importance of blood flow control, how sympathetic arterial innervation develops remains largely unknown. Here, we identified the axon guidance cue netrin-1 as an essential factor required for development of arterial innervation i...

We review the extensive physiological and neuroanatomical evidence for the innervation of white adipose tissue (WAT) by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) as well as what is known about the sensory innervation of this tissue. The SNS innervation of WAT appears to be a part of the general SNS outflow from the central nervous system, consisting of structures and connections throughout the neura...

In the normal development of connections between motor neurons and muscle fibres, an initial stage of polyneuronal innervation is followed by withdrawal of connections until each muscle fibre is innervated by a single axon. However, polyneuronal innervation has been found to persist after prolonged nerve conduction block, in spite of the resumption of normal neuromuscular activity. Here we anal...

Previous studies showed that postnatal irradiation of the hippocampal formation in the rat results in a marked reduction in the granule cell population of the area dentata with an attendant disruption of its normal cytoarchitecture. The present study was carried out to determine the effect of postnatal hippocampal irradiation on the pattern of hippocampal innervation by locus ceruleus norepinep...

The cover image is based on the Research Article Catecholaminergic axon innervation and morphology in flat-mounts of atria ventricles mice by Ariege Bizanti et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.25444. Image Credit: Zixi Cheng.

The regulation of total body fat was first formally suggested in the lipostatic theory of Kennedy (1), and since that time, the mechanisms underlying the control of lipid energy stores have been sought. The waxing and waning of circulating factors that promote lipid storage or mobilization (e.g., insulin and adrenal medullary catecholamines, respectively) may be the method by which the brain ad...

Members of the neurotrophin gene family and their high-affinity Trk receptors control innervation of the cochlea during embryonic development. Lack of neurotrophin signalling in the cochlea has been well documented for early postnatal animals, resulting in a loss of cochlear sensory neurones and a region-specific reduction of target innervation along the tonotopic axis. However, how reduced neu...