The use of artificial neural networks has increased in many areas of engineering. In particular, this method has been applied to many geotechnical engineering problems and demonstrated some degree of success. A review of the literature reveals that it has been used successfully in modeling soil behavior, site characterization, earth retaining structures, settlement of structures, slope stabilit...

The informal construction of dwellings (housing) and the informal growth of transport infrastructure are two main dynamics of an informal settlement growth phenomenon that may influence each other over time. Some studies have been done to understand the growth mechanisms of informal settlements, but not enough attention has been paid to study the informal growth of transport infrastructure dyna...

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness soil–cement (SC) columns, provided either individually or in combination with lime on stability embankment constructed soft consolidating soil. evaluated terms both settlement and factor safety at various time intervals during consolidation. columns studied numerically using two-dimensional plane strain finite element met...

The development of toll road projects in Indonesia is experiencing rapid growth. However, due to the large number roads being constructed over soft soil areas, it crucial address issue consolidation settlement. This because settlement can lead differential or excessive settlement, which potentially damages structures built on such soil. Unfortunately, soils a time-consuming process. Thus, accel...

A milestone in European integration was achieved when the third and final stage of EMU began on January 1, 1999, with the introduction of the euro. This annex provides a progress report on several aspects of EMU: European financial market integration; implementation and performance of the EMU payments and securities settlement systems; the outlook for pan-European capital markets; banking syste...