MKC253 is glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1, 7-36 amide) adsorbed onto Technosphere microparticles for oral inhalation. The pharmacokinetics of inhaled GLP-1 and the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) relationship between inhaled GLP-1 and insulin were analyzed in two trials, one in healthy normal volunteers and the other in patients with type 2 diabetes. Inhaled GLP-1 was absorbed quickly, w...

Another “Brick in the Wall” The latest innovation for advancing diabetes care is not a new pharmacologic class; it represents a new “twist” on one of the oldest pharmacologic agents known for treatment of diabetes. After 80 years of clinical use and after many years of research for alternative means of delivery (including dermal, nasal, and oral approaches), insulin delivered by pulmonary inhal...

OBJECTIVE This study, one of the first to address issues of pulmonary insulin delivery in smokers, compared pharmacokinetics of inhaled insulin delivered via the AERx insulin Diabetes Management System (iDMS) in nondiabetic cigarette smokers and nonsmokers. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In this randomized two-period crossover efficacy and safety trial in 27 nondiabetic smokers and 16 nonsmokers...

OBJECTIVE To compare the glycemic control of inhaled insulin via the AERx insulin diabetes management system (iDMS) with that of subcutaneous (SC) insulin, both combined with NPH insulin at bedtime, in patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The AERx iDMS uses a liquid insulin formulation to achieve flexible precise mealtime dosing (with increments corresponding to 1 IU adm...

Inhalational insulin was withdrawn from the market due to its potential to produce airway hyper-reactivity and bronchoconstriction. So the present study was designed to explore the acute effects of insulin on airway reactivity of guinea pigs and protective effects of salbutamol and beclomethasone against insulin induced airway hyper-responsiveness on isolated tracheal smooth muscle of guinea pi...

INTRODUCTION According to the National Diabetes Statistics Report, 29.1 million people have diabetes mellitus (DM) in the U.S., or approximately 9.3% of the population.1 DM imposes a fi nancial burden on both patients and the health care economy, with direct and indirect costs totaling $245 billion in 2012.1 All patients with type-1 DM (T1DM) require insulin therapy. Patients with type-2 DM (T2...

OBJECTIVE Hypoglycemia is one of the major factors limiting implementation of tight glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality during intensive insulin treatment. β-2 Adrenergic receptor (AR) agonists have been reported to diminish nocturnal hypoglycemia; however, whether long-acting inhaled β-2 AR agonists could potentially be use...

Inhalational insulin was withdrawn from the market due to its potential to produce airway hyper-reactivity and bronchoconstriction. So the present study was designed to explore the acute effects of insulin on airway reactivity of guinea pigs and protective effects of salbutamol and beclomethasone against insulin induced airway hyper-responsiveness on isolated tracheal smooth muscle of guinea pi...