This paper constructs a stochastic version of an endogenously growing economy with a public good that raises the productivity of private capital. We explore how growth and welfare are influenced by changes in the mean and variance of productive public spending under two alternative financing methods, mixed money–bond financing and wealth-tax financing. In addition, to evaluate the differences b...

limited government resources, inadequate domestic bank resources and international financial restrictions are major obstacles to the implementation of infrastructure projects in the country and providing development programs. now the proceeds from the sale of crude oil are the main source of revenue for the country's infrastructure development. meanwhile, sukuk of istisna can prove their c...

The newly elected Labour government has pledged to ‘reinvigorate the Private Finance Initiative’, as part of the new emphasis on ‘public/private partnerships’ in the delivery of core public services. This article assesses the merits of using private finance to deliver public services against three criteria: whether it will lead to additional investment in social infrastructure, whether it repre...

Executive Summary The continuous growth of cyber security threats and attacks including the increasing sophistication of malware is impacting the security of critical infrastructure, industrial control systems, and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) control systems. The reliable operation of modern infrastructures depends on computerized systems and SCADA systems. Since the emerge...

Attracting private financing is high on the agenda of policy makers concerned with closing infrastructure gap in developing countries. To date, however, finance represents a minor share overall and poorest countries struggle to attract any investors. This paper develops model that rationalizes these facts. We characterize structure financial regulatory contracts derive conditions under which pu...

According to PPI World Bank Database that infrastructure investment in East Asia (China, Indonesia, Philippine, Malaysia, and Thailand) from 1998 to 2005 was stagnant, where infrastructure investment in Indonesia slowed down after financial crises, total investment in 1996 was 7,492.6 million US dollar but in 2000 fell down to 642.3 million US dollar and in 2005 raised on 1,445 million US dolla...