According to the essential facilities doctrine, competition law requires an infrastructural monopoly to provide access. Under the ”Bronner criterion”, proposed by the EC Court, the doctrine is only applicable when an infrastructural duopoly is non-viable. This paper uses a simple model to illustrate that, from a welfare point-of-view, the Bronner criterion may provide too little monopoly protec...

This study is related to an Islamic project financing with a major focus on investigating the role of Islamic finance in financing infrastructural development projects (toll roads, power plants, airports, and plants, as well as natural resource exploitation projects, such as hydroelectric dams, mining projects, oil and gas assets, and paper mills), especially in the context of Pakistan. Infrast...

The post 9/11 Western World has been heavily marked by a near nearparanoid emphasis on the catastrophic threats posed by so-called cyber terrorism. Such cyber terror attacks, however, have, so far, been noticeable by their absence. At the same time a much more hidden, but increasingly pervasive form of forced demodernisation state infrastructural warfare is emerging as a central component of co...

Editorial Board Eric Britton, Managing Director, EcoPlan International, The Centre for Technology & Systems Stud ies, 10 rue Joseph Bara, 75006 Paris, France. Paul Tra nter , Senior Lecturer, School of Geography & Oceanography, Un iversity College, Australian Defence Force Academy, Canberra ACT 2600, Australia. John Ho we, Professor of Transportation En gineering & Head of Infrastructural En gi...

The study examined the quantity and quality of infrastructure in Ibadan, Nigeria with a view to using information to providing policy guidelines for sustainable infrastructural development. Using stratified sampling technique, a total of fifteen wards from the five local government areas in Ibadan metropolis were selected for study. The selection of all the local government areas is based on th...

This paper investigates opportunities to connect divided cities by analysing ways in which occupation practices operate alongside, subvert and potentially transform historic, presently developing urban infrastructure divisions Tshwane’s eastern region. Through a critical theory lens existing perpetuating conditions of infrastructural segregation are examined order understand scenarios through b...

Ghana's Decentralization Policy has made significant contribution in infrastructural implementation and delivery through Metropolitan, Municipal and District Assemblies as an alternative development strategy to ensure the implementation of the overall national agenda. To date, many systems and strategies have been implemented towards improving development of infrastructure at the local governme...

Despite the increasing importance of cities in human societies, our ability to understand them scientifically and manage them in practice has remained limited. The greatest difficulties to any scientific approach to cities have resulted from their many interdependent facets, as social, economic, infrastructural, and spatial complex systems that exist in similar but changing forms over a huge ra...

BACKGROUND Health care infrastructure constitutes a major component of the structural quality of a health system. Infrastructural deficiencies of health services are reported in literature and research. A number of instruments exist for the assessment of infrastructure. However, no easy-to-use instruments to assess health facility infrastructure in developing countries are available. Present to...