The study was designed to analyze credit receipt and enterprise performance by small scale agro based enterprises in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was adopted in selecting 264 agro based enterprises and 96 agro based enterprises that accessed informal and formal credit respectively. The Heckman model was used to examine the factors affecting amount of inform...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine variation in reports of pressuring others to drink less, as a form of informal social control of drinking, across countries and different types of relationship to the respondent. METHOD A cross-sectional survey was administered to 19,945 respondents ages 18-69 years in 14 countries included in the data set of the Gender, Alcohol and Culture: ...

This chapter examines the concept of social control in discussions of crime and deviance. Discussions of informal social control identified the ways in which the management of deviance emerged and was embedded in social relations: it was unplanned, unconscious, automatic, private and often diffuse. This was then contrasted with formal social control, most closely associated with the criminal ju...

The paper contributes to the burgeoning literature on corporate social performance (CSP) by exploring the internal motivators driving socially responsive decision making in an organisation that publicly purports to follow principles of corporate social responsibility. A case study in a United Kingdom company that consistently publishes audited external social reports was undertaken. Interviews ...

This article specifies a multilevel measurement model for survey response when data are nested. The model includes a test–retest model of reliability, a confirmatory factor model of interitem reliability with item-specific bias effects, an individual-level model of the biasing effects due to respondent characteristics, and a neighborhood-level model of construct validity. We apply this model fo...

social norms are rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members based on the process of social control, the level of political legitimacy and procedural justice practices in the areas of governance, social order is guaranteed. in this study, the independent variables associated with three domains of social control, procedural justice and social capital to norm comp...

Index Introduction 1 Description of Latin American and Caribbean Informal Sector 3 Extent and composition of the informal sector 3 Determinants of informal employment 9 Determinants of wage differentials 10 Policy Issues: The causes of informal employment 16 Labor market rules and regulations and the Informal Sector 16 Macroeconomic Policies 22 Policy Issues: The consequences of informal employ...

This position paper presents work in progress (within the first year) of the doctoral research into adoption of social collaborative e-learning in higher education. The research coins three concepts which intersect to form the fourth, social collaborative e-learning. These concepts are: informal learning, social networking and learning management. This paper explores the conceptual and theoreti...