In this paper we examine empirically the effect of integration on Medicare payment and rehospitalization. We use 2005-2013 data on Medicare beneficiaries receiving post-acute care (PAC) in the U.S. to examine integration between hospitals and the two most common post-acute care settings: skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) and home health agencies (HHA), using two measures of integration-formal v...

The economic history of technologies is largely a history of low-fixed-cost, high-marginal-cost technologies being replaced by newly invented, decreasing-average-cost (approximately, highfixed-cost and low-marginal-cost) technologies that come to be cost minimizing as demand for the product or service produced by the technology increases. The history of payment technology in the past century, a...

Background: Out-of-pocket and informal payments are considered as 2 most important topics for equity in health care financing. Therfore, this study was conducted to systematically review and meta-analyze the status of these payments in Iran's health care system. Methods: Required data were collected through searching the following key terms: "Unofficial", "Informal Payment", "Iran", "Health Fin...

BACKGROUND Out-of-pocket spending (OOPS) is the major payment strategy for healthcare in Nigeria. Hence, the paper assessed the determinants socio-economic status (SES) of OOPS and strategies for coping with payments for healthcare in urban, semi-urban and rural areas of southeast Nigeria. This paper provides information that would be required to improve financial accessibility and equity in fi...

This paper reviews the existing empirical micro-level models of demand for out-patient physician services where the size of patient payment is included either directly as an independent variable (when a flat-rate co-payment fee) or indirectly as a level of deductibles and/or co-insurance defined by the insurance coverage. The paper also discusses the relevance of these models for the assessment...

BACKGROUND Instruments to assess quality of maternity care in Central and Eastern European (CEE) region are scarce, despite reports of poor doctor-patient communication, non-evidence-based care, and informal cash payments. We validated and tested an online questionnaire to study maternity care experiences among Hungarian women. METHODS Following literature review, we collated validated items ...

My Health, My Voice is a human rights-based project that pilots the use of technology to monitor and display online data regarding informal payments for maternal health care in two districts of Uttar Pradesh, India. SAHAYOG, an organization based in Uttar Pradesh, partnered with a grassroots women's forum to inform women about their entitlements, to publicize the project, and to implement a tol...

Saint Vincent Un ivers ity, Halifax, Nova Scotia, and P am ela Fancey, M A, is an Ins titution An alyst at Mount Sain t Vincent Un ivers ity. An earlier version of th is paper w as p resented at the Pan-Am erican Con gress on Aging , San Anton io, Texas, 23 Febru ary 199 9. N.L. C happ ell, Social Support and Aging (Toron to: Butterw orths, 19 92) at 3 3. M.C. Hendrickson, “State Tax Incentives...

This product is part of the RAND Health working paper series. RAND working papers are intended to share researchers' latest findings and to solicit informal peer review. They have been approved for circulation by RAND Health but have not been formally edited or peer reviewed. Unless otherwise indicated, working papers can be quoted and cited without permission of the author, provided the source...

it has been tried to compare the “price payment method” in iranian law with “principles of international commercial contracts” and “convention on contracts for international sale of goods vienna, 1980” in this study. different law regulations in various countries should be unified in order to extend rapid and insured trusted law relations among the nations and people all over the world because ...