an experimental inactivated oil-emulsion h9n2 avian influenza vaccine was formulated with 3 parts ofinactivated avian influenza antigen a/chicken/iran/101/1998(h9n2) emulsified in 7 parts of oil adjuvant.twelve week-old specific pathogen-free (spf) chickens were divided into seven groups of 10 birds. sixgroups were vaccinated with 1, 1/10th, 1/50th, 1/100th, 1/200th and 1/400th field dose of th...

Influenza disease is a global health issue that causes significant morbidity and mortality through seasonal epidemics. Currently, inactivated influenza virus vaccines given intramuscularly or live attenuated influenza virus vaccines administered intranasally are the only approved options for vaccination against influenza virus in humans. We evaluated the efficacy of a synthetic toll-like recept...

Broadly neutralizing antibodies against rapidly evolving viruses (e.g., HIV-1 and influenza virus), often manifest antigen-binding promiscuity. Based on a recent study, we hypothesize the significance of antibody polyreactivity in neutralization viruses. We propose that contributes to toleration viral variants shortens time for generating antibodies.

Influenza is a contagious respiratory disease caused by an influenza virus. Due to continuous antigenic drift of seasonal influenza viruses, influenza vaccines need to be adjusted before every influenza season. This allows annual vaccination with multivalent seasonal influenza vaccines, recommended especially for high-risk groups. There is a need for a seasonal influenza vaccine that induces br...

BACKGROUND The use of rapid antigen tests to triage specimens for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing from emergency department patients with influenza-like illness during surveillance for novel influenza viruses has been suggested. OBJECTIVE To measure the observed sensitivity and specificity for a widely used rapid antigen test (Binax) using a PCR-based assay (Medical Diagnostic Laborat...

Clinicians frequently use influenza rapid antigen tests for diagnostic testing. We tested nasal wash samples from 1 April to 7 June 2009 from 1538 patients using the QuickVue Influenza A+B (Quidel) rapid influenza antigen test and compared the results with real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) assay (gold standard). The prevalence of 2009 pandemic influenza A (pH1N...

Influenza virus infections represent an ongoing public health threat as well economic burden. Although seasonal influenza vaccines have been available for some decades, efforts are being made to generate new efficient, flexible, and cost-effective technologies be transferred into production. Our work describes the development of a model hemagglutinin antigen that is capable inducing protection ...

Two different precipitating antigens have been extracted from vaccinia virus. One, designated the LS antigen (1), is a protein with two antigenically active groups (2, 3); the other, termed the NP antigen, is a nudeoprotein (4). These two antigens apparently comprise a large proportion of the mass of the virus particle. The soluble complement-fixing antigen of influenza virus is usually extract...

The aims of this paper are to study the efficacy of chitosan nanoparticles in stimulating specific antibody against A/H1N1 influenza antigen in mice. Chitosan nanoparticles (CSN) were characterized by TEM. The results showed that the average size of CSN was from 80nm to 106nm. The efficacy of A/H1N1 influenza vaccine loaded on the surface of CSN showed that loading efficiency of A/H1N1 influenz...

Effective vaccination against influenza virus infection is a serious problem mainly due to antigenic variability of the virus. Among many of investigated antigens, the extracellular domain of the M2 protein (M2e) features high homology in all strains of influenza A viruses and antibodies against M2e and is protective in animal models; this makes it a potential candidate for generation of a univ...