background influenza is a world-wide public health concern. it is one of the most important viral causes of acute respiratory illness, affecting all age groups, recurring several times during a lifetime. we assessed the antibody titers after vaccination against influenza among hiv-infected patients and health care workers (hcws). patients and methods during this before-after study, the antibody...

Avian influenza A viruses from Asia are recognized as the source of genes that reassorted with human viral genes to generate the Asian/57 (H2N2) and Hong Kong/68 (H3N2) pandemic strains earlier in this century. Here we report the genetic analysis of avian influenza A H1N1 viruses recently isolated from pigs in southern China, a host suspected to generate new pandemic strains through gene reasso...

Background: Respiratory infections, especially viral infections, are the most prevalent infection affecting Hajj pilgrims. Commonly 3 major human influenza viruses (A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B) are responsible for these morbidities. The present study was conducted to develop a statistical report on human influenza in Hajj pilgrims.    Methods: Nasal and throat samples were collected from 2...

Background and Aims: Influenza is one of the main respiratory infections of humans, responsible for 300,000–500,000 annual deaths world-wide. Vaccination is one of the best ways to prevent infections including influenza. Influenza virosomes are virus-like particles, which retain the cell binding and membrane fusion properties of the native virus, but lack the ribonucleoprotein (RNP). A vi...

background: both influenza a virus (iav) and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) cause acute respiratory infection (ari) in infants and young children. this study was conducted to determine influenza a virus and its co infection with rsv among the hospitalized children with ari. methods: a total of 153 throat samples of the hospitalized young children aged between below one year and 5 years with ...

Dear Editor-in-Chief, Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is an infectious disease caused by an influenza virus (1). Symptoms can be mild to severe (2). The most common symptoms include: high fever, runny nose, sore throat, muscle pains, headache, coughing, sneezing, and feeling tired (1). Three of the four types of influenza viruses affect people, Type A, Type B, and Type C (3, 4). Type D ha...

Background and Aims: Each year, the influenza virus causes moderate to severe infections with a high prevalence throughout the world. Accordingly, an influenza vaccine that ensures protection with only a single dose would be a much more cost effective approach to influenza prophylaxis. Generation of Influenza non-replicating virus-like particles (VLP) in baculoviral expression system is an attr...

Influenza is an acute respiratory disease caused by the influenza A or B virus. It often occurs in outbreaks and epidemics worldwide, mainly during the winter season. Significant numbers of influenza virus particles are present in the respiratory secretions of infected persons, so infection can be transmitted by sneezing and coughing via large particle droplets. The mean duration of influenza v...