In chronic inflammatory disease, TNF-α is produced in high concentrations, leading to excessive inflammation and eventually organ damage. The advent of anti-TNF therapy clinical practice 20 years ago represented a significant change the management immune-mediated diseases (IMID). Common concerns regarding safety profile anti-TNFs include increased infection rates, associations with cancer, preg...

The collective migration of cells in tissue pervades many important biological processes, such as wound healing, organism development, and cancer metastasis. Recent experiments on wound healing show that the collective migratory behavior of cells can be quite complex, including transient vortices and long-range correlations. Here, we explore cellular flows in epithelial tissues using a model th...

Aortic stenosis (AS) has increased markedly in developed countries and AS, caused by valve calcification in the elderly, will continue to increase as the aging of society accelerates.1 With a growing need for treatment of elderly patients with severe AS, Cribier et al from France succeeded in percutaneously implanting a stent-mounted aortic valve in 2001 (Figure 1).2 In 2003, the European Heart...