Abstract Dharmakīrti argues that there is no pramāṇa (valid means of cognition or source knowledge) for a thesis self-contradiction ( svavacanavirodha ). That is, self-contradictions such as ‘everything said false’ and ‘my mother barren’ cannot be known to true false. The contemporary scholar Tillemans challenges by arguing we can know are false formal logical inference. aims the paper answer T...

Seismic hazard assessment like many other issues in seismology is a complicated problem, which is due to a variety of parameters affecting the occurrence of an earthquake. Uncertainty, which is a result of vagueness and incompleteness of the data, should be considered in a rational way. Using fuzzy method makes it possible to allow for uncertainties to be considered. Fuzzy inference system,...

methodology of islamic principles (‘ilm al-uṣūl) is a dignified science serving to understand religious texts; on the other hand, however, this science is indebted to holy qur’ān for its credibility and authority. the qur’ānic verses play a special role in validating and authorizing this science. this role is to be viewed in terms of foundation-laying, as āyāt al-uṣūl (verses of principles) are...

the supplier selection is a multi-criteria decision making which consist both qualities and quantities metrics. a lot of investigations have been published in the supplier selection area and, most of the proposed models focused on manufacturing environments and a few papers have been allocated for service industries. proposed system utilizes new method that transfer the house of quality (hoq) a...