The geminivirus Tomato golden mosaic virus (TGMV) replicates in differentiated plant cells using host DNA synthesis machinery. We used 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation to examine DNA synthesis directly in infected Nicotiana benthamiana plants to determine if viral reprogramming of host replication controls had an impact on host DNA replication. Immunoblot analysis revealed that up to...

Apicomplexan parasites of the genera Theileria and Plasmodium have complicated life cycles including infection of a vertebrate intermediate host and an arthropod definitive host. As the Plasmodium parasite progresses through its life cycle, it enters a number of different cell types, both in its mammalian and mosquito hosts. The fate of these cells varies greatly, as do the parasite and host mo...

Background and Aims: Inhibition of viral growth in coinfected cells with two different viruses has been described. This phenomenon known as viral interference can occur in several virus host systems such as interference of enterovirus infection on poliovirus vaccine strains. In this study we superinfected reovirus infected HeLa cells with poliovirus to determine if poliovirus can replicate in s...

in this study, isolate sr99-ua (race 70e 128) of wheat stripe rust (puccinia striiformis west. f. sp. tritici eriks) was used to infect susceptible spring wheat (cultivar thatcher) and its near isogenic line possessing yr-18 adult-plant resistance gene. samples were taken at the flag leaf stage and observed using light, transmission and scanning electron micro-scopes. no major differences in th...

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) nsp1 protein has unique biological functions that have not been described in the viral proteins of any RNA viruses; expressed SARS-CoV nsp1 protein has been found to suppress host gene expression by promoting host mRNA degradation and inhibiting translation. We generated an nsp1 mutant (nsp1-mt) that neither promoted host mRNA degrada...

The acanthocephalan parasite Pomphorhynchus laevis (Müller, 1776) uses freshwater amphipods as its intermediate host. In order to complete the life cycle, the infected amphipod must be consumed by a fish, where the acanthocephalan will mature and reproduce. Parasite transmission, and therefore fitness, could be enhanced if infected amphipods fail to detect or avoid predatory fish. We compared t...

Leuciscus persidis as Iranian endemic fish in Kaftar lake and its headwaters (Mesopotamian subregion, Kor-Neiriz basin and Shadkam river) has been infected with a species of Dactylogyrus sphyrna. Comparison of collected parasites with Euro-Asian subregion showed that the similarity of them is more than their differences, although a little difference between them was observed. In this paper also...

Numerous freshwater acanthocephalans are able to alter the behaviour of their intermediate hosts increase predation risk by final hosts, thereby enhancing trophic transmission between two hosts. Because temperature is widely expected impact host-parasite interactions, we investigated how it can affect movements both uninfected and Pomphorhynchus laevis-infected Gammarus pulex in an artificial s...