Because of rapid urbanization, traffic problems, and other factors, underground spaces have been used more in the twenty-first century. Large are required for city, metro, tunnel, mine, industrial agricultural engineering, civil air defense engineering. Underground with varying thermal, ventilation, lighting environments can face problems comfort, health, safety. High temperatures, high humidit...

This paper reviews current literature on the associations of ventilation rates and carbon dioxide concentrations in non-residential and non-industrial buildings (primarily offices) with health and other human outcomes. Twenty studies, with close to 30,000 subjects, investigated the association of ventilation rates with human responses, and 21 studies, with over 30,000 subjects, investigated the...

This paper presents the successful design and implementation of several exhaust ventilation systems in a paint manufacturing factory. The ventilation systems were designed based on American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists recommendations. The duct works, fans, and other parts were made and mounted by local manufacturers. The concentrations of toluene and xylene as the common so...

Air quality in industrial environments has been studied since the second half of the 20th century. Well-documented results show that exposure to chemical pollutants through their consumption, production, and storage can damage workers' health. New research focusing on non-industrial environments has shown unexpected correlations between air quality and health effects. Artificial ventilation sys...

background: today discussion thermal comfort due to technology advances and equipment application in the workplace for government and non-governmental organizations managers in the industrial and non-industrial environments, especially hospitals staff   due to the diversity of people employed and the type of work they are doing of particular importance. this study was conducted to evaluate the ...