Type I interferons (IFNs) function as the first line of defense against viral infections by modulating cell growth, establishing an antiviral state and influencing the activation of various immune cells. Viruses such as influenza have developed mechanisms to evade this defense mechanism and during infection with influenza A viruses, the non-structural protein 1 (NS1) encoded by the virus genome...

Previous studies have shown that engagement of Toll-like receptors (TLR) 2 and 4 can induce macrophages to express a variety of proinflammatory cytokines. We have recently demonstrated that TLR2 agonists poorly induce a subset of TLR4-inducible proinflammatory genes (e.g., inducible protein (IP)-10, inducible NO synthase (iNOS), monocyte chemoattractant protein-5, IL-12p40), due in part to diff...

Recombinant human interferon-a (IFN-a) can induce a hematologic remission in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. However, some patients are resistant and others develop late resistance to the IFN-a treatment. To understand the molecular mechanism of this resistance, we have analyzed the expression of 10 IFN-inducible genes in the cells of three resistant patients, two responsive patients, a...

PURPOSE Abnormalities in the constitutive and IFN-γ-inducible HLA class I surface antigen expression of tumor cells is often associated with an impaired expression of components of the antigen processing machinery (APM). Hence, we analyzed whether there exists a link between the IFN-γ signaling pathway, constitutive HLA class I APM component expression, and IFN-γ resistance. EXPERIMENTAL DESI...

abstract background: selectable marker gene (smg) systems are critical for generation of transgenic crops. transgenic crop production background: selectable marker gene (smg) systems are critical for generation of transgenic crops. transgenic crop production without using smg is not economically feasible. however, smgs are non-essential once an intact transgenic plant has been established. elim...

Purpose: Abnormalities in the constitutive and IFN-g–inducible HLA class I surface antigen expression of tumor cells is often associated with an impaired expression of components of the antigen processing machinery (APM). Hence, we analyzed whether there exists a link between the IFN-g signaling pathway, constitutive HLA class I APM component expression, and IFN-g resistance. Experimental Desig...

Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) is one of the key cytokines in defining T helper 1 lymphocyte immuneresponses. In this study, the bovine IFN-γ gene was cloned from spleen tissue RNA using the reversetranscription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). IFN-γ cDNA was sub-cloned and expressed inmammalian expression plasmid (pcDNA3.1(+)) under the control of the human cytomegalovirus (CMV)promoter. The pred...

The synthesis of interferon-beta (IFNbeta) and IFN-inducible factors elicited by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) depends on the transcriptional activity of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) downstream of Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4). To examine the ability of human newborns to mount TLR4-mediated IRF-3-dependent responses, we analyzed the pattern of genes expressed on the addition of LPS to cord b...