Introduction Limber pine is a keystone species in the Rocky Mountains that grows on harsh, high elevation sites where few other tree can. Recent studies suggest threatened by combined impacts of exotic, invasive disease, white blister rust (WPBR), native bark beetles, and climate change. Information changes health limber populations long-term posed these threats needed to inform management effo...

Changing climate conditions may impact the short-term ability of forest tree species to regenerate in many locations. In the longer term, tree species may be unable to persist in some locations while they become established in new places. Over both time frames, forest tree biodiversity may change in unexpected ways. Using repeated inventory measurements five years apart from more than 7000 fore...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the hypothesis that newly formed wound biofilms (or bioburdens) are more susceptible to antimicrobial treatment. METHOD Four separate and distinct models were performed by four separate biofilm research laboratories to evaluate the resistance of biofilms to antimicrobial treatments over time. These included a drip-flow biofilm model along with a hydrodebridement study...

Background Although science findings and treatment approaches of a concussion have changed in recent years, there continue to be challenges in understanding the nature of the post-concussion behavior. There is growing a body of evidence that some deficits can be related to an impaired auditory processing. Purpose To assess auditory comprehension changes over time following sport-related concu...

BACKGROUND Pulse transit time (PTT) measurement may provide rapidly available beat-to-beat cardiovascular information when conditions change quickly and routine invasive arterial pressure measurement is not justified, for example during obstetric spinal anaesthesia. Method. We obtained ethics approval for an observational study of PTT during the onset of spinal anaesthesia in patients having el...