Theta waves in the amygdala are known to be synchronized with theta waves in the hippocampus. Synchronization between amygdala and hippocampal theta waves is considered important for neuronal communication between these regions during the memory-retrieval process. These theta waves are also observed during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. However, few studies have examined the mechanisms and fun...

Using of nanofluids and ducts with corrugated walls are both supposed to enhance heat transfer, by increasing the heat transfer fluid conductivity and the heat transfer area respectively. Use of a diverging duct with a jet at inlet section may further increase heat transfer by creating recirculation zones inside the duct. In this work two-dimensional incompressible laminar flow of a nanofluid e...

Hippocampal theta frequency and amplitude decrease as locomotor approach slows and the goal is reached. This study compared the declines of these theta parameters and related them to behavioral events. Theta activity was recorded with bipolar electrodes spanning cornu Ammon, sector 1 or cornu Ammon, sectors 2/3 cell layers of the dorsal hippocampus in 12 rats trained to approach and depress a t...

Recent studies show that higher order oscillatory interactions such as cross-frequency coupling are important for brain functions that are impaired in schizophrenia, including perception, attention and memory. Here we investigated the dynamics of oscillatory coupling in the hippocampus of awake rats upon NMDA receptor blockade by ketamine, a pharmacological model of schizophrenia. Ketamine (25,...

Using of nanofluids and ducts with corrugated walls are both supposed to enhance heat transfer, by increasing the heat transfer fluid conductivity and the heat transfer area respectively. Use of a diverging duct with a jet at inlet section may further increase heat transfer by creating recirculation zones inside the duct. In this work two-dimensional incompressible laminar flow of a nanofluid e...

Large-amplitude low-frequency activity, as in slow wave sleep or coma, indicates widespread synchronization of many neurons and may characterize brain states with little ongoing information processing. If prominent during the waking state, global slow wave activity are involved in neuropathological conditions, whereas focal slow waves are found in the vicinity of lesions, tumors, or epileptic f...

Hippocampal theta activity is a large amplitude, sinusoidal wave that occurs during attentive immobility and exploratory behaviour in the rat, and it is thought to be involved in memory formation. Recent reports suggest that corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) has pro-mnemonic effects in rodents. Because memory-enhancing substances/manipulations generally alter either theta frequencies or amp...

Evaluation of the cardiovascular system of canine pediatrics requires awareness of the anatomical and physiological changes occurring from birth to six months of age. The aim of this study was to report electrocardiographic changes in the littermate mongrel dogs from birth tosix months. Serial six-lead electrocardiograms were recorded from ten normal littermate mongrel dogs kept on right latera...

30 Theta waves in the amygdala are known to be synchronized with theta waves 31 in the hippocampus. Synchronization between amygdala and hippocampal theta waves 32 is considered important for neuronal communication between these regions during the 33 memory-retrieval process. These theta waves are also observed during rapid eye 34 movement (REM) sleep. However, few studies have examined the mec...