during the past several decades, neighborhoods have experienced gentrification phenomenon in a number of cities. gentrification, the process of neighborhood change that results in the replacement of lower income residents with higher income ones, has altered the character of hundreds of urban neighborhoods in many north american and european cities. in this paper we state how does gentrificatio...

While a great deal of attention has been given to the interaction between income distribution and economic growth using heterodox macroeconomic models, most of this analysis has used twoclass models of distribution with workers and capitalists which conflate concepts of personal and functional distribution. Recent discussions of increases in inequality have drawn attention to changes in income ...

GDP growth is often measured poorly for countries and rarely measured at all for cities or subnational regions. We propose a readily available proxy: satellite data on lights at night. We develop a statistical framework that uses lights growth to augment existing income growth measures, under the assumption that measurement error in using observed light as an indicator of income is uncorrelated...

Social scientists from many academic disciplines have for a long time been interested in the association between family background, in a wide sense, and socioeconomic status during adult life. In the last 10-15 years, economists have become more active in this research field and have, in particular, focused on family background and subsequent income. Empirical research on such issues has become...

We present Neumann-Neumann domain decomposition preconditioners for the solution of elliptic linear quadratic optimal control problems. The preconditioner is applied to the optimality system. A Schur complement formulation is derived that reformulates the original optimality system as a system in the state and adjoint variables restricted to the subdomain boundaries. The application of the Schu...

In the transport layer of the TCP/IP protocol suite, both TCP and UDP use internet checksum to protect headers and data. Internet checksum uses 1’s complement arithmetic to detect errors in the content delivered by the data-link layer. Both research and experience have shown that there are a wide variety of error sources which can not be detected by this lower layer. The error detecting perform...

We deal with the problem of preserving various versions of completeness in (< κ)–support iterations of forcing notions, generalizing the case “S–complete proper is preserved by CS iterations for a stationary costationary S ⊆ ω1”. We give applications to Uniformization and the Whitehead problem. In particular, for a strongly inaccessible cardinal κ and a stationary set S ⊆ κ with fat complement ...

Using transnational terrorism data from 1980 to 2000, this study empirically examines the relationships between frequency of participation in transnational terrorism acts and economic development and education improvement. We find an inverse U-shaped association between the frequency of various nationals acting as perpetrators in transnational terrorism acts and per capita income in their respe...

One typically observes differing trends in the distribution of gross incomes across countries. Where do these inequalities originate from? We consider a simple model where individuals have identical preferences but different abilities, and we investigate the impact on the distribution of gross income of changes in the way abilities are distributed among the individuals. Journal of Economic Lite...

We use a firm-CEO assignment framework to model the market for CEO effective labor. In the model’s equilibrium more talented CEOs match with and supply more effort to larger firms. Taxation of CEO incomes affects the equilibrium pricing of CEO effective labor and, hence, spills over and affects firm profits. Absent the ability to tax profits or a direct concern for firm owners, a standard presc...