نتایج جستجو برای: including tropopause folding
تعداد نتایج: 999688 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
A dynamical relationship that connects the extratropical tropopause potential temperature and the nearsurface distribution of equivalent potential temperature was proposed in a previous study and was found to work successfully in capturing the annual cycle of the extratropical tropopause in reanalyses. This study extends the diagnosis of the moisture–tropopause relationship to an ensemble of CM...
Based on reanalysis data, satellite ozone concentration observations, and a Lagrangian trajectory simulation, Rossby wave breaking (RWB) event its effect stratosphere–troposphere exchange (STE) over the Tibetan Plateau in mid-March 2006 were investigated. Results showed that increased eddy heat flux from subtropical westerly jet magnified amplitude of wave, which contributed to occurrence cyclo...
Over a half century after the discovery of its existence, t8he tropopause is still one of the challenging mysteries to meteorologists. Radiosonde observations indicat'e that the vertical temperat'ure gradient of the air often changes rattler abruptly at the tropopause, although the apparent sharp break of t'he t'emperature gradient m a y be artificial because of the fact' t'lrat' straight line ...
Abstract. Misrepresentations of wind shear and stratification around the tropopause in numerical weather prediction models can lead to errors potential vorticity gradients with repercussions for Rossby wave propagation baroclinic instability. Using a diabatic extension linear quasi-geostrophic Eady model featuring tropopause, we investigate influence such discrepancies on instability by varying...
[1] A method is presented to determine tropopause height from gridded temperature data with coarse vertical resolution. The algorithm uses a thermal definition of the tropopause, which is based on the concept of a ‘‘threshold lapse-rate’’. Interpolation is performed to identify the pressure at which this threshold is reached and maintained for a prescribed vertical distance. The method is verif...
Stratospheric aerosols (SAs) are a variable component of the Earth's albedo that may be intentionally enhanced in the future to offset greenhouse gases (geoengineering). The role of tropospheric-sourced sulfur dioxide (SO2) in maintaining background SAs has been debated for decades without in-situ measurements of SO2 at the tropical tropopause to inform this issue. Here we clarify the role of S...
The stability characteristics of normal mode perturbations on idealized basic states that have meridional potential vorticity (PV) gradients that are zero in the troposphere, very large at the tropopause, and order b in the stratosphere are checked. The results are compared to the corresponding models that have a lid at the tropopause. The dispersion relations and the vertical structures of the...
[1] Several recent studies have shown evidence for a widening of the tropical belt over the past few decades. One line of evidence uses statistics of the tropopause height to distinguish between tropics and extratropics and defines tropical edge latitudes as those latitudes at which the number of days per year with tropopause heights greater than 15 km exceeds a certain threshold (typically 200...
background: rna plays key role in many aspects of biological processes and its tertiary structure is critical for its biological function. rna secondary structure represents various significant portions of rna tertiary structure. since the biological function of rna is concluded indirectly from its primary structure, it would be important to analyze the relations between the rna sequences and t...
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