pomegranate fruit maturity status is commonly assessed based on external (skin) colour, juice colour and acidity of juice. some researchers have studied the correlation between the parameters of the skin colour and acidity, total soluble solids, citric acid and anthocyanins. this study describes the relationship existing between solar radiation and a colorimetric maturity index in the pomegrana...

Developing a mass-casualty medical response to the detonation of an improvised nuclear device (IND) or large radiological dispersal device (RDD) requires unique advanced planning due to the potential magnitude of the event, lack of warning, and radiation hazards. In order for medical care and resources to be collocated and matched to the requirements, a [US] Federal interagency medical response...

Nuclear power plant accident As emergency clinicians we all have a duty to undertake regular chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) training in addition to major incident training. We do this training in the hope that we will never experience the reality of a CBRN incident like our colleagues in Japan. In March 2011, the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant suffered a series of ...

The responsivity of an extreme-ultraviolet transmission grating spectrometer with silicon photodiode detectors was measured with synchrotron radiation. The spectrometer was designed to record the absolute radiation flux in a wavelength bandpass centered at 30 nm. The transmission grating had a period of 200 nm and relatively high efficiencies in the +1 and the -1 diffraction orders that were di...

The high-resolution measurements of the spectral solar irradiance (SSI) at the top of the Earth’s atmosphere by the Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) satellite are used to examine the magnitude and spectral distribution of the Earth’s entropy flux from the TOA incident solar radiation. Two extreme cases are examined by using Planck expression: I. isotropic hemispheric incident sola...

It is mandatory to predict the hourly solar radiation received during the average day of each month for different solar energy applications, particularly in design methods, Scientists have developed methods to achieve this using different input parameters. The objective of this study is to compare statistically existing models for estimating the mean hourly global radiation incident on a horizo...

The terahertz (THz) frequency range is the region of the electromagnetic spectrum between the microwave and optical bands spanning from 0.1 THz to 10 THz. Historically, electromagnetic radiation in this frequency range has been inaccessible due to the lack of widespread electronic or laser-based radiation sources. Electronic radiation sources such as crystal oscillators are generally confined t...

We discuss the scattering of a light pulse by a single atom in free space using a purely semi-classical framework. The atom is treated as a linear elastic scatterer allowing to treat each spectral component of the incident pulse separately. For an increasing exponential pulse with a dipole radiation pattern incident from full solid angle the spectrum resulting from interference of incident and ...