The effect of incident angle on the quality of SIMS molecular depth profiling using C(60) (+) was investigated. Cholesterol films of ~300 nm thickness on Si were employed as a model and were eroded using 40 keV C(60) (+) at an incident angle of 40° and 73° with respect to the surface normal. The erosion process was characterized by determining at each angle the relative amount of chemical damag...

a = bubble radius, m b = corrective factor used in Eq. (10) cij = matrix elements of the sensitivity coefficients J e = sample thickness, m f1, f2 = spectral weights of the Henyey–Greenstein phase function HG g = spectral asymmetry factor g1, g2 = spectral parameters of the Henyey–Greenstein phase function HG I = spectral radiation intensity, W m 2 sr 1 J = matrix of the sensitivity coefficient...

In the present paper, the problem of reflection and transmission of waves at an interface of elastic and microstretch thermoelastic solids with microtemperatureshas been studied. The amplitude ratios of various reflected and transmitted waves are functions of angle of incidence and frequency of incident wave. The expressions of amplitude ratios have been computed numerically for a particular mo...

Introduction: Variable resolution x-ray (VRX) CT is a new type of CT that can image objects at various spatial resolutions. In a VRX CT scanner, the spatial resolution increases at the cost of reduction in the field of view (FOV). An important factor that limits the spatial resolution of the VRX CT is the effect of focal spot size. Also, the optimum magnification is different at each incident a...

We have measured the optical properties of wire-grid polarizers (WGPs). The implications of these results to the application of WGPs in projectors that use reflective light valves are discussed. In particular, the brightness and the contrast ratio of the projection system are investigated as functions of the angle of incidence of the light beam onto the WGP. It was found that the optimal incide...

Although not very common, forensic investigation related to projectile ricochet on water can be required when undesirable collateral damage occurs. Predicting the ricochet behavior of a projectile is challenging owing to numerous parameters involved: impact velocity, incident angle, projectile stability, angular velocity, etc. Ricochet characteristics of different projectiles (K50 BMG, 0.5-cal ...

Let G = (S,E) be a plane straight line graph on a finite point set S ⊂ R in general position. For a point p ∈ S let the maximum incident angle of p in G be the maximum angle between any two edges of G that appear consecutively in the circular order of the edges incident to p. A plane straight line graph is called φopen if each vertex has an incident angle of size at least φ. In this paper we st...

Molecular dynamics simulations have been used to explore the effects of incident adatom angle upon the atomic scale structure of Ni/Cu/Ni multilayers grown by vapor deposition under controlled incident atom energy conditions. For incident atom energies of 1 eV or less, increasing the incident angle increased interfacial roughness, resulted in void formation in the nickel layer, and intermixing ...