Progressive telomere shortening occurs with division of normal human cells, and eventually leads to replicative senescence. The mechanism by which the shortened telomeres cause growth arrest is largely unknown. Transcriptional silencing of genes adjacent to telomeres, also called telomere position effect, has been hypothesized as a possible mechanism of telomere-mediated senescence. However, th...

Fluorescence in situ hybridization on extended DNA (fiber-FISH) is a powerful tool in high-resolution physical mapping. To introduce this technique into cotton, we developed the technique and tested it by deliberately mapping of telomere and 5S rDNA. Results showed that telomere-length ranged from 0.80 kb to 37.86 kb in three species, G. hirsutum, G. herbaceum and G. arboreum. However, most of ...

Targeting of DNA molecules to specific subcellular positions is essential for efficient segregation, but the mechanisms underlying these processes are poorly understood. In Escherichia coli, several plasmids belonging to different incompatibility groups (F, P1 and RK2) localize preferentially near the midcell and quartercell positions. Here we compare the relative positions of these three plasm...

Microbial communities play important roles in the functioning of coral reef communities. However, extensive autofluorescence of coral tissues and endosymbionts limits the application of standard fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques for the identification of the coral-associated bacterial communities. This study overcomes these limitations by combining FISH and spectral imaging.

Colonization of apple leaves by the yeastlike fungus Aureobasidium pullulans was followed quantitatively and spatially at a microscale level throughout two growing seasons. Ten field leaves were sampled on 11 dates in 2003 and 15 dates in 2004. Using an A. pullulans-specific fluorescence in situ hybridization probe and epifluorescence microscopy, we enumerated total cells, swollen-cells and chl...

Although subcellular mRNA trafficking has been demonstrated as a mechanism to control protein distribution, it is generally believed that most protein localization occurs subsequent to translation. To address this point, we developed and employed a high-resolution fluorescent in situ hybridization procedure to comprehensively evaluate mRNA localization dynamics during early Drosophila embryogen...

band (Fig. 1). To our knowledge, this is the first human chromosomal localization of an enzyme metabolizing InsP 3. A screening of the Genome DataBank and Online Mendel ian Inheri tance in Man from April 1992 failed to reveal any candidate disease tha t might be explained in single terms by mutat ion of the gene. The data clearly establish that despite their sequence similarity (ca. 65%) indica...

Hypostomus is a diverse group with unclear aspects regarding its biology, including the mechanisms that led to chromosome diversification within the group. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with 5S and 18S rDNA probes was performed on ten Hypostomini species. Hypostomus faveolus, H. cochliodon, H. albopunctatus, H. aff. paulinus, and H. topavae had only one chromosome pair with 18S rDNA...

Companion diagnostics are integral to the application and success of personalized medicine. In oncology, many companion diagnostics are molecular-based, including a number of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) based companion diagnostics. Here, we review the currently approved FISH based companion diagnostics and evaluate several new FISH assays as potential companion diagnostics.

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is one of the few sustainable technologies that both produce energy and treat waste streams. Driven by a complex and diverse community of microbes, AD may be affected by different factors, many of which also influence the composition and activity of the microbial community. In this study, the biodiversity of microbial populations in innovative mesophilic/thermophilic te...