cases where bayt al-mal is responsible for payment of compensation are sometimes accompanied by intensification of compensation. the question is that whether bayt al-mal should pay the intensified compensation in such cases. this question has not been answered in juristic and, legal texts. in addition to causing difference in opinions, it has caused courts to doubt generalization of the intensi...

This paper begins a series studying D-modules on the Feigin-Frenkel semi-infinite flag variety from the perspective of the Beilinson-Drinfeld factorization (or chiral) theory. Here we calculate Whittaker-twisted cohomology groups of Zastava spaces, which are certain finite-dimensional subvarieties of the affine Grassmannian. We show that such cohomology groups realize the nilradical of a Borel ...

quṭb al-dīn al-shīrāzī (634h/1236ce-710h/1311ce) wrote four major works on astronomy: nihāyat al‐idrāk fī dirāyat al‐aflāk (“the utmost attainment in comprehending the orbs), in arabic, first edition completed mid-shaʿbān 680/november 1281); the ikhtiyārāt‐i muẓaffarī (“selections for muẓaffar al-dīn arslan” [a minor ruler in qasṭamūnī (modern kastamonu, turkey)], in persian, completed sometime...

al-ghazali was one of the islamic scholars who was concerned to revival of religious teachings. in ihya’ ‘ulum al-din, he tried to provide a pattern in this regard for the believers of his time. in this article, authors attempt to discuss effects of religiosity with emphasis on psychological views of al-ghazali. for this purpose, al-ghazali’s ideas which has been expressed in four parts of ihya...

the first part of the paper describes the persian translation of naṣīr al-dīn al-ṭūsī’s taḥrīr kitāb uqlīdis by quṭb al-dīn al-shīrāzī, with a primary focus on his appendix to book i. part of a larger encyclopedic collection, al-shīrāzī’s translation continued to be read for centuries. as evidence of the work’s influence, al-shīrāzī’s appendix to book i was included in a nineteenth century prin...